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By Eduardo González Number 33
The no order prescription vicodin is what happens when does not pass anything Richard Feynman
Why arises vicodin 3600 eternal time in the society from the information? In the society network of end of century XX it appears a technological paradigm that one ties with the development of the communications, transforming them into powerful instruments for the obtaining and the control of the vicodin 3600 The mass media, when holding to the social processes and handling the information that offers of buy vicodin es eliminate the real time (noneternal) that no order prescription vicodin between the events and their diffusion. In this way, the time that passes between the fact and the search of knowledge over this one is minimum and allows few possibilities of understanding of the reality.
When we studied the historical processes we cannot leave of side that these are developed in two coordinates: the time and the space. As well as the region is a mental construction in permanent change, that the historian uses to frame a certain geographic space that allows him to locate clearly its object of study; also, the time is a category created and periodizada by the man (Side Buckets, 1997, P. 33) to locate the social processes. From such form that without the perfect synchrony both enters cardinal axes of the historical task, it is difficult to explain and to include/understand the historical facts.
However, the buy vicodin es coordinate is still something that already went away, the time flows of the past to the future and is irreversible. buy vicodin es any case what it is
it is the memory of the vicodin 3600 no order prescription vicodin each man recreates subjectively, although he is deteriorated vicodin 3600 by little, in the individual thing and the group. What it really exists of the past and we create no order prescription vicodin take root in the present time they are conventions that we establish intellectually with the historical facts, those that are crystallized in the form of memories. And although no order prescription vicodin information around those facts exists, this one only can sustain conventional forms, never provable truths, because we cannot return to the past. (Avila Palafox, R. and Brisci, C. 1997, P. 109)
and we only apprehend of him a partial vision of the reality. Our knowledge of the past is fragmentary, never total.
The central point of this test is to establish a dialogue with Manuel buy vicodin es around the concept of eternal time that buy vicodin es to explain a part of the development of the society network and to determine its relevance for the historical knowledge. That is to say, if the historians we can speak of the short time, of the event (the conscious one); of the length, of structures (the unconscious one) 2 and of the cyclical one, coyunturas3 ; to what time Manuel Castells talks about when it speaks of the no order prescription vicodin of the no order prescription vicodin processes? It is possible to speak of atemporalidad in the historical processes, or rather, historically exist different no order prescription vicodin symbolic dimensions and for a same objective space determined, but that it is apprehended of different way by the actors socially involved in his construction and its perception?
We will divide buy vicodin es buy vicodin es with Manuel Castells in two parts: the concept of the time and the definition of Castells on the atemporalidad of the time and some possible answers of history to the concept of the Catalan sociologist. We happen, then, to define the time.
Temporality of the time. How we named to the time If the no order prescription vicodin flows of the past to the future, no order prescription vicodin is its tie point? The no order prescription vicodin And the present lasts? Apparently no. The present in the infinite of the duration is a very small point that incessantly withdraws: a moment that dies no order prescription vicodin soon as nace4.
Soon then, our structure no order prescription vicodin the time vicodin 3600 its development do not respond to a set of dates but to a system of ideas around the category of time created by us to include/understand the reality. For this reason, a determining factor to understand and to explain our culture is the time. It is vicodin 3600 to explain the reality without an historical perspective that it includes, of course, the temporality of the social processes, that is to say, the time of history.
In this sense, the time is a category created by the man, is an idea ours in whose sine cambio5 underlies. The change must no order prescription vicodin periodizado once the structures are included/understood clearly that conform the society. From this, we can apprehend the ruptures and the continuities that mark the development of the humanity. That is to say, the concept of time and its periodización are a tool for the historiográfico task.
If the time concept is no order prescription vicodin category created by the man, we can say buy vicodin es no order prescription vicodin single concept of time exists? , we must accept that all along he is equal? , or, it is necessary to speak of several classes of time? The social reality is multiform, therefore the movements that give life him, that produces the change no order prescription vicodin not have the no order prescription vicodin duration nor the same direction; times that belong to the men, and times who are developed in the societies, in the structures exist. That is to say, it does not exist a social time of a single and simple tap, but a susceptible social time of thousand speeds, of thousand slownesses (Braudel, 1989, P. 29).
In this sense, we must speak of several times: the one that it has to do vicodin 3600 the explosive event, of no order prescription vicodin duration. This time exists for all the no order prescription vicodin of the life: economic, political, cultural, social, religious and geographic. Nevertheless, this duration is deceptive. It does no order prescription vicodin allow to include and to explain the totality of the social processes, mainly those that they have to do with very slow changes, like the culture; or very ample like the curves of prices and wages and the demographic explosion. For these events long play we made use of a greater period. A temporality that allows to understand processes us that generate imperceptible changes no order prescription vicodin the short time, but that in a greater temporary space is meant like clear processes that they help to include/understand the reality of the social structures.
By all means he is pertinent to speak not solely of long time and short time, but of fast time and slow time. In absolute terms, when we spoke of speed we did not talk about to the one of the intervals, but to the one of the movements that no order prescription vicodin . Thus, the atemporalidad no order prescription vicodin the society network can be a no order prescription vicodin time within a long time. Within the events of long and it cuts duration we can identify three types of time: the historical one, biographical and the daily one. With first we talked about to it brings back to consciousness historical and it includes/understands the knowledge that the own existence is formed from the past. It brings back to consciousness historical understands history buy vicodin es a buy vicodin es one. Without a doubt, continuous a not-linear one. The second, has to do with our own identity and consists of the way and way as we harmonized the memory than we were, it brings back to consciousness than we are and the expectation than we will be or we want to be. Finally, the third party includes the diverse segments in which we distributed throughout the day ours acciones7. Even though the time concept no order prescription vicodin a category created by the man, the idea is referred to the stages of duration and no order prescription vicodin the same duration of the time. That is to say, the man does not create the time, he establishes methods to measure it and to buy vicodin es it, and in this sense to use it like a theoretical tool to explain the historical processes.
The atemporalidad of the time and the answer of history Which are some of the characteristics of the society network for which Manuel Castells establishes the atemporalidad of the time? It is a society no order prescription vicodin which an ample destruction of the organizations no order prescription vicodin the social movements is generated; in her the deslegitimización is become serious and the crisis becomes more evident of the political institutions; the cultural expressions usually are ephemeral. The capital transactions are realised in fractions of vicodin 3600 they dominate the companies of flexible time; the vital cycle becomes blurred; the culture of the virtual time prevails that buy vicodin es the times of form sistemática8. The technology of the information penetrates in almost all the scopes of the human activity; the productivity and the power are based in the technology to generate knowledge and to process information. For vicodin 3600 reason, the capacity or the incapacity that has the vicodin 3600 to dominate the technology defines its destiny. This arises yet, according to Castells:
a new associated social structure with a new model of development, the informacionalismo, defined historically no order prescription vicodin the reconstruction of the capitalist model no order prescription vicodin end of century XX (Castells, 1999, P. 40).
Although no order prescription vicodin capitalist model is in a process of vertiginous change, is still a structure with sufficiently fixed social relations that it has dominated a period long play. Although we cannot deny, on the no order prescription vicodin hand, that the office of historiar no order prescription vicodin hundred years in the last has centered its task in the great events, in the short no order prescription vicodin Situation that is not opposed to the structural aspect of Capitalism. Like structure, Capitalism is a reality that the time takes in wearing away and in transforming. Consequently it crosses immense spaces of time without altering itself; although it seems, at the end of the century no order prescription vicodin that the speed of the changes exceeds the cohesion of its structure, in the way it recovers and the changes sometimes happen slowly: democracy, human rights, respect to the minorities (that are majorities), equality of opportunities, equitable distribution of the wealth.
The concept of eternal time that coins Manuel Castells, is not another thing that a lens to observe and to understand the changes that appear in the society network in no order prescription vicodin times, spaces and rates. It is no order prescription vicodin a new category of temporality that dominates the social reality in the era of the information, through the selective inclusion and the exclusion of functions and people in temporary and space marks diferentes9. no order prescription vicodin this sense, no order prescription vicodin society network, says Castells, characterizes itself by the rupture of the ritmicidad, biological as as much social, associated with the notion of a vital cycle (Castells, 1999, P. 480); consequently, the majority of people and the spaces lives in a different temporality socially determined.
This no order prescription vicodin appears in the informational paradigm and the society network when their characteristics bring about a systemic disturbance in the sequential order buy vicodin es the phenomena realised in that buy vicodin es The elimination of the sequencing creates a undifferentiated time, that is equivalent to eternidad10. The atemporalidad buy vicodin es to buy vicodin es space of the flows, in contrast to the social time that characterizes to the places worldwide. Even though in our society the space determines to the time, with time eternal this historical tendency is reversed: now the flows induce the eternal time and the places are confined to tiempo11. Why arises the eternal time in the society from the information? In the society network of end of century XX no order prescription vicodin appears a technological paradigm that one ties with the no order prescription vicodin of the communications, transforming them into powerful instruments for the obtaining and the control of the power. We journey of the traditional ways of communication in a same place and in a same time, vicodin 3600 offer multiplicity of space and temporary vicodin 3600 where the time of the nature and the society that seemed to be specific of a determined context, the local time, they are transformed into a vicodin 3600 regime of the time. However, vicodin 3600 the contemporary societies continue under the dominion of the time of the clock, that is meant like the crucial element for the construction of industrial Capitalism.
Even so, linear, irreversible, measurable and predictable the time is becoming pieces in the society network, in a movement of extraordinary historical meaning. But not only we are being witnesses of a relativización of the time according to social contexts or, of alternative form, the return to the reversible character of the time, as if the reality could attract vicodin 3600 in cyclical movements. The transformation is deeper: it is the mixture of times to create eternal, nonautoexpansivo, but self-sustained, noncyclical but random a universe, incurrente nonappellant but: the eternal time, using the technology to escape of the contexts of its existence and to take control selectively of any value that each context can offer to the eternal present. (P. 467)
Two contexts exist in which we can, according to Manuel Castells, to observe the development of the atemporalidad in our society network. First they are the mass media and the buy vicodin es the financial markets. We approach buy vicodin es mass media.
How is generated the atemporalidad in mass media? He appears as a result of the mixture of different times in a same communication channel that the consumer chooses from his own reality, buy vicodin es generates that their times are synchronous in a flat horizon, without principle, endless, without sequence. Another element that generates the atemporalidad in our society is the hypertext of the multimedia and the universe which we apprehend through Internet, temporary sequences which different times and spaces are consumed in, which generates its atemporalidad with respect to the society that interacts with them.
In this frame how is organized a history for electronic means? With base buy vicodin es no order prescription vicodin availability of visual material and vicodin 3600 computerized possibility to select seconds of structures so vicodin 3600 they are united or they separated according to buy vicodin es specific speeches. A work of scissors and paste . Thus, the material that appears in means from news articles, spectacles or the news looks for that it agrees temporarily although it takes place in different times; therefore the time that is generated is a asecuencial time dominated buy vicodin es the impulses of the consumer and the producers that in this way the temporality breaks than it consumes. no order prescription vicodin is a temporality that is no order prescription vicodin the consumption and that is not had like a necessity in our society, in fact the temporary sequences depend on the social context of their use.
Therefore, it is a culture, at buy vicodin es same time, of the eternal thing and the ephemeral thing. Of the eternal thing, because it vicodin 3600 from a side at another one, to all the sequences of the cultural expressions. Of the ephemeral thing, because each disposition, each specific sequencing, depends on the context and objective by which a certain cultural construction is asked for. no order prescription vicodin are not in a culture of circularity, but in a universe of cultural expressions of undifferentiated temporality. (pp. 469-497)
The previous thing, besides producing the atemporalidad, generates the simultaneity of the time, that is to say, the possibility of the temporary immediacy in vicodin 3600 events that are outside our reality, of our temporality. On the matter Marc Ferro affirms that
the cinema and the television not only desestructuran the traditional planning of the historical knowledge, vicodin 3600 also that their influence puts in judgment fabric the traditional knowledge, with or without reason. Mainly, the films of cinema or television update the historical problems instead of to make of the historical analysis an instrument to include/understand our time. The mass media use the events like way of entrance in history, which certainly is no order prescription vicodin and necessary, but for them it becomes a species of absolute rule. (In De Gortari and Zermeño, 1996, P. 162)
When no order prescription vicodin happens, buy vicodin es historians face a problem to explain the reality. The mass media, when holding to the social processes and handling the information that offers of them, eliminate the real time (noneternal) that passes between the events and their diffusion. In this way, the time that passes between the fact and the search of knowledge no order prescription vicodin this one is minimum and allows few possibilities of understanding of the reality. This affects our sense of the time, our temporality. It would seem that the present events vicodin 3600 next than the past, nevertheless, we do not know if what we observed in mass media or Internet it is happening when to buy vicodin es it or if the people that we see or died or follow cheers. Than we are safe is of the simultaneity of images of the past and the present that we perceived in different space units, but we do not know when they happened. In this way, the communications network contributes to the distortion of the sense of the time and, therefore, of the space. Consequently,
the dimension of the natural division of the day and the night are exceeded by the work or the diversion buy vicodin es is realised at any moment before screens. The human capacity is buy vicodin es to decode the real time, no order prescription vicodin entails, in addition, to the sprouting of psychological states of restlessness and loss of the individual identity before the control incapacity of the information and diminution, if it is not that the cancellation of ubiquity temporary space. (Side Buckets, 1997, P. 49)
With regard to the financial markets, per moments it seems that the eternal time completely regulates the world of the businesses. One of the elements vicodin 3600 of the society network it is the creation of
new financial products that have increased no order prescription vicodin spectacular form the banking mass of stated capital in front of the deposits and assets, in such a way that it is possible to say that the time creates money, since all world bets with the predicted future money in the computer science projections. These future evolutions are affected by their same process of commercialization, so the temporary frame of the capital constantly dissolves in its present manipulation after to have granted him a fictitious value with the purpose of to mint it. Therefore, the capital not only compresses the time: it absorbs it and it lives on him, that is to no order prescription vicodin it generates rent. (Castells, 1999, pp. 469-470)
The new financial systems no order prescription vicodin time becomes a source buy vicodin es dominant value to obtain gains. Of course, no order prescription vicodin capital market that has arisen in the society network is unified and works of global way, works in real time. Nevertheless, it is the speed of the transactions the one that generates the gains or the losses in the global casino . It is also the incessant temporary circularity of purchase and sale the one that characterizes to the system. For this reason, it affirms Manuel Castells, in Capitalism the time it is minted, he is to short plazo12. In this sense, in the society network the currency as change instrument no longer no order prescription vicodin appraised by its volume, but by the rapidity whereupon moves to buy vicodin es is an electronic currency that is not seen and is much than once preciosos13 was the metal circulation.
It would seem that the buy vicodin es of mass media no order prescription vicodin the financial systems directs the attention of the historians towards the brief time, towards the event. Without I engage the clutch, all the societies do not live buy vicodin es this rate; in any case we spoke of times less precipitated for some colectivities and institutions. To vicodin 3600 historical present a temporality corresponds, that not a atemporalidad sustained in the difference of chronological rates, and no order prescription vicodin we could suppose, since Manuel Castells does, that the individual dreams and the collective representations are placed in a eternal no order prescription vicodin The atemporalidad that we lived in mass media and the global economy has influenced strongly in the culture, that is to say, it is not generated and it is consumed in a same no order prescription vicodin On the contrary it transfers the borders of the context where it appears. Consequently, in the cultural production the time is buy vicodin es and in last instance it refuses at a speed that has only been able to make the new technologies possible of the communication.
In order to conclude no order prescription vicodin the definition of the atemporalidad that proposes Manuel no order prescription vicodin to explain the society network, we will mention three no order prescription vicodin that include and summarize their no order prescription vicodin the 1) space of the flows dissolves to the time disordering the sequence of the events and making them simultaneous, and so it installs to the society in an eternal efemeridad; 2) the multiple of the places, scattered, fragmented and disconnected space, shows diverse temporalities; and 3) the logic of the atemporalidad is not pronounced without resistance of the society, that is to say, the social actors with bring back to consciousness of the time try to put under control the ahistórico dominion of atemporalidad14.
Final considerations We do not have to lose of view that the term of vicodin 3600 time , that offers Manuel Castells, more is bound with sociology and less with history. If we take care of what has been no order prescription vicodin by Fernand no order prescription vicodin
in relation to the time of the sociologists vicodin 3600 the time of the historians; for the first temporary category it is less imperative, less makes buy vicodin es and buy vicodin es moments it does not appear in center of his discussions to explain an historical reality, aspects all these, opposite to the historiográfico task. The sociologists accept buy vicodin es the time is a particular dimension of a specific reality who can divide pleasing to buy vicodin es or to reduce their duration. The chronological cuts that the historian does are less automatic, occur less from the analysis of the structural changes and taking care of solely the explosive events, to the vicodin 3600 duration. For history the time is the measurement of the change and not only a referring one to locate a reality; consequently, the historians look for to know the duration the social movements, the breakthrough points and continuity, its integration and the way precise in which no order prescription vicodin intercross.
These elements can only be registered in relation to the uniform time of the historians, general measurement of these phenomena, and not in relation to the multiform, particular social time of each of ellos16.
The study of buy vicodin es Castells on the society network per moments seems that buy vicodin es has to do more with a sociology of the episodic thing; where the fast processes study, ephemeral, that register day with day and one close no order prescription vicodin with the history of the world settles down that has become largely throughout century XX. The disquieting aspect of these works is that the history of the explosive of the buy vicodin es thing is deceptive and little clear if we no order prescription vicodin care of the answers that offer to explain the social processes.
The buy vicodin es vicodin 3600 the time in which according to Manuel Castells the society lives network, is a temporality vicodin 3600 little serves to him to history like theoretical tool; since a thing is vicodin 3600 different present diverse societies historical and very different other exist for is that present history is particular to each society that studies. Even though Castells points no order prescription vicodin aspects in which the atemporalidad of the time seems real, the electronic no order prescription vicodin of communication and the financial systems, it would be no order prescription vicodin to clarify that all the societies are vicodin 3600 immersed in this atemporalidad, because there are communities that no order prescription vicodin not participate directly in informational no order prescription vicodin although of peripheral way they are influenced by him. In any no order prescription vicodin we can affirm that the atemporalidad of the time and the real time are two radically different cultural times; this means that we are dealing with two different historical buy vicodin es That is to say, the time (present historical) of the society network is not the same, for example, that the one of the indigenous communities of the hidalguense huasteca or the amazonian forest, although as vicodin 3600 as others agrees in the same present history. In this sense, for the office of historiar, then, the concept is complicated and little useful from atemporalidad .
buy vicodin es
AVILA, Ricardo/Carlos Brisci. We are really conscious of the time. In Studies of the man, núm. 5. Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997. BRAUDEL, Fernand. Social history and sciences. Mexico, Publishing Alliance, 1989. BLOCH, Marc. Vindication for the history or the office of historian. Mexico, Bottom of Economic Culture, 1996. CHESTNUT GROVE, Carmen. The time no order prescription vicodin history and the problem of the periodización. In Studies of the man, núm. 5. Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997. CASTELLS, Manuel. The era of the information. Economy, society and culture. Mexico, 21st no order prescription vicodin 1999. CORCUERA of MANCERA, Sonia. Voices and silencios in history. Centuries XIX and XX. Mexico, Bottom of Economic Culture, 1997. OF GORTARI, Hira/Guillermo Zermeño. French historiography. Thematic currents and recent methodologies. Mexico, French Center of Mexican and Central American Studies/Center De Investigaciones and Studies Superiors in Social Anthropology/Independent National University of Mexico/Institute buy vicodin es American University, 1996.
DESERT GROUSE, Raul. Notes on the time. In Studies of the man, núm. 5. Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997. RICOEUR, Paul. Time and narration. Configuration of the time in the historical story. Mexico, 21st century, 1995. SIDE YOU buy vicodin es Lakowsky. Approach to the time: of the natural perception to the cultural one. In Studies of the man, núm. 5. Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997.
Notes
2 C.F. Sonia Corcuera de Mancera, Voices and silencios of history. Centuries XIX and XX, Mexico, Bottom of Economic Culture, 1997, P. 193. 3C.f. Carmen Chestnut grove, the time of history and the problem of the periodización. In Studies of the no order prescription vicodin núm. 5, no order prescription vicodin University of Guadalajara, 1997, P. 87. 4 C.F. Marc Bloch, Vindication no order prescription vicodin history or the office of historian, Mexico, Bottom no order prescription vicodin Economic Culture, 1996, pp. 147-148. 5 Lakowsky Side Buckets, Approach to the time: of the natural perception to the cultural one. In Studies of the man, núm. 5. Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997, P. 33. 6 Paul Ricoeur, Time and narration. Configuration of the time in the historical story, Mexico, 21st century, 1995, pp. 182-183. 7Raúl Desert Grouse, Notes on the time. In Studies no order prescription vicodin the man, núm. 5, Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997, pp. 197-198. 8 Manuel Castells, the era of the information. Economy, society and culture, Mexico, 21st century, 1999, P. 499. 9 P. 468 10 P. 499 11 P. 500 12 P. 466 13Lakowsky Side Buckets, Approach to the time: of the natural perception to the cultural one. In Studies of the man, núm. 5. Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, 1997, P. 47. 14 Manuel Castells, the era of the information. Economy, society and culture, Mexico, 21st century, 1999, P. 502. 15 Fernand Braudel, social history and sciences, Mexico, Publishing Alliance, 1989, P. 97. 16 P. 100.
For the writing publication no order prescription vicodin the seduction of the image, to communicate with Claudia Quintero cquintero@itesm.mx.
Mtro. Eduardo González Velasquez Professor no order prescription vicodin the ITESM, Guadalajara Campus and of the ITESO, vicodin 3600 Mexico |