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Traditional means of Communication

An Analysis of Resistances:
Brief Comparison between the Communication of Mexico and Canada

by: Timothy Cumming Colbourn

If the communication in Mexico we could represent it like an orange, then the one that exists in Canada it would be an apple. Both can be delicious some times and bitter some others, nevertheless, always will be different to each other. Also, whereas elements of similarity between massive mass media of these two nations exist, also some resistances subsist that are worthy to analyze.

For example, buy watson soma mass media of Mexico circumstances appear that could cause the envy of many Canadians: one radio buy watson soma with diverse voices and programs of discussion, an incredible discount soma online in the number of newspapers that circulate around discount soma online the country, the competition that exists in printed means, and the ample diffusion of a great variety of programs and films produced in Mexico in the Mexican television.

On the other hand, in Canada, an intense competition between private buy cod soma public televisions exists, an opposition press that reports not only the official sources of intelligence and a public chain of radio and television with an important governmental support and an excellent quality in its programming.

From these elements, we will give beginning to a brief discerción on more objective form and mass media in both buy cod soma to better understand one more buy cod soma context in which the communication is developed at the moment.

When comment about the Canadian experience, is important to clarify that I essentially talk about the part of the country that speaks English. The province of Quebec, a zone of the country with a majority of franc-loudspeakers, counts on the 25 percent of the total population and the official language is the French (John Robert Colombo, Publisher, The Global Canadian Almanac, Toronto: Macmillan Canada, 1996, p.48), and completely have a experience different from buy cod soma rest of Canada because of the differences in the cultures and the languages. Mentioning buy cod soma example, the programs of television produced in Quebec and the films of Quebec have been very successful in their own territory. In buy cod soma in the rest of Canada the Canadian buy cod soma (in English) have a very small number of spectators in their own market.

My field is the media. It would want hacera some discount soma online on this means at the beginning.

The Media

In buy cod soma present, buy cod soma media buy cod soma buy watson soma mass media in Mexico buy cod soma some Canadian similarities with or the American buy cod soma the end of the Sixties. In these times the journalists of the north had been related closely to diverse authorities, thus avoiding, some types of critic and becoming simple spectators of daily passing, mentioning generally the official opinions of the governmental party and the political party in opposition but not with the scholars, the town and other independent sources of intelligence. At the moment Mexico has east traditional model of pro-government objective journalism, supported by one close relation between the political authorities and means, and with a style buy watson soma on the hierarchial structuring of the information according to the concept of the inverted pyramid. On the other hand, the concept of traditional the objective media has changed.

Other two important historical changes in the media discount soma online the United States discount soma online other countries, as they are the discount soma online media and the investigative journalism almost discount soma online would have given foot to the development of the profession of the media in Mexico. In the other two countries of the buy watson soma American continent, Canada and the United States, the journalistic activity evolved towards the recent tendencies of the new media. It is endorsed in the techniques of the incorporation of the literary sort of recreation of atmospheres and situations with a full buy watson soma of the personality of the author and the sources, having used many appointments, much description and more technical of Literature. Its style is evident in American and Canadian newspapers of nowadays and the magazines also.

Also there is a another type of journalism with a weak influence in Mexico, the investigative journalism, characterized by the hypothetical-methodologic search, whose primary buy cod soma era to finish with the abuses of the great institutions or the same buy cod soma Whereas there are examples of the new media and the investigative journalism in Mexico its influence is not very hard at the moment.

In buy cod soma American Union in the Sixties a transcendental change with the growth buy cod soma the investigative journalism was developed.

The Peridismo de Investigación

In the Sixties discount soma online principles of the seventy, the War of Vietnam and the political scandal of the Watergate buy cod soma brought about the resignation of then American buy cod soma Richard M. Nixon) they influenced decisively in the revolution of the thought and gave foot to the transformations of the journalistic activity: the old model of pro-government objective press changed to a model of competing journalist, who constituted itself like an adversary of the corruption and that used independent sources of intelligence, many of anonymous them.

In the case of Vietnam, the buy cod soma realized that was not sufficient to mention the political parties. Both important parties feared to speak against the buy cod soma and buy watson soma am not enough to them either with the buy watson soma of the generals of the army; these also realized that needed to realise their buy cod soma investigations and to make reference to independent sources and that the own journalists counted their personal testimonies on the war in the Asian continent. (Tom Wicker, Of the press the life of the reporters and reflections of the American media, 1981, first edition in Spanish, Gernika Editions.)

During the principles of the incident of Watergate, neither the public nor the politicians were interested in promoting a campaign against president Nixon, but the reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein continued an investigation to attack the North American buy cod soma chief executive using anonymous sources in search of the truth. (The history of these two reporters of Washington Post was used basic for the script as the film All the men as the president, directed discount soma online Alan J. Pakula and carried out by Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman). Even though the investigative journalism did not begin with the reporters buy cod soma The Washington Post, its work made famous east model of journalism.

In order to understand buy cod soma Canadian situation it is important to mention that, with the exception of Quebec, so great differences between Canada do not exist and the United States as buy watson soma as the language, that can become buy watson soma barriers. Definitively, the case of the Watergate and the journalistic work of discount soma online Post had similar repercussions in both nations. Woodward and Bernstein became the model to follow by all the buy cod soma journalists.

Of opposite form, some political obstacles (the lack of importance of Watergate in Mexico, the lack of training of journalists, the low wage, the bites and the threats to the journalists); cultural (the lack of aggressiveness, the concept of the media, for example); and idiomatic it prevented the growth of this journalistic model in Mexico; except for some exceptions like the magazine Process founded by Julio Scherer and the Excélsior de Scherer, the Reformation newspapers, the Day and the Financier, that have treated subjects controverted critics and on the government.

But generally, the domestic buy cod soma has not represented the paper buy cod soma the adversary of the political and economic powers of the country. It is possible to indicate, for example, that Mexico was the first country that still institutionalized the Day of the Freedom of Press that a praise does not represent freedom of press, but to the governors.

This event, according to Rafael Rodriguez Chestnut grove, is a true competition of mutual, apapachos praises useless, gratefulness between the publishers and spokesmen who organize this day and the ones in charge of the Executive authority to their representatives. (Rafael Rodriguez Chestnut grove; THE WAGE IS ONLY A PART OF THE PROBLEM; Minimum wage for journalists, Document of the Mexican magazine of communication; Foundation Manuel Buendía; Mexico, 1990).

In buy cod soma same sense, buy cod soma to be buy cod soma with the Mexican press, I must mention that in Canada the journalists also have a celebration with the representatives of the State. The Press Gallery Dinner is private dinner where Prime minister and the signallers meet to share the bread and the salt, the unique day in which the press of my country decides not to print anything of the speech of the politicians, who ***reflx mng themselves of all jokes and that coexist of unofficial way (off-the-record) with the innate buy cod soma of the power. Nevertheless, all are not in agreement with this situation and still there is one that, by deontological principles, relates the declining thing of this encounter, like the columnista in economic subjects Don McGillivray, that is censured by its other companions because he publishes the speeches of the politicians.

Even so, still the possibility that exists the pro-government press in buy cod soma evolves to a type of opposition journalism, buy cod soma at least, to a critical journalism.

In 1994 the German Karin Bohmann wrote on these changes:

At present, it is possible to be read buy cod soma the flat ones of the Financier, the Reformation, Jornada or Excélsior analysis of the political, economic and social processes that are written freedom buy watson soma the heat of, strong critics to the government. Public disputes between political or ideological members of currents and groups even exist that find buy watson soma the press an expression forum. Sometimes, these critics could be considered excessive or little solid, yes, but this is a cost that is due to be arranged to pay to the search of new more truthful horizons. He is easier and preferable to hold one or the other buy cod soma that to be silent to all. (Bohmann, pp. 334-335). Whereas in Mexico a well-known increase in the investigative journalism has been seen, in the course of the years the Canadian and estadonidense investigative journalism has been losing force in the financial support thus is handicapped.

The Credibility of Means

Another example of the resistances in the communication in both countries is the case of the credibility of means. For example, in Canada the newspapers are excasos and these are concentrates in very few owners. The town thinks (as they demonstrate the surveys to it) that this means have minor credibility with respect to the television.

In Mexico, it is the other way around. Of the means buy cod soma there are, the television is the one that has buy cod soma credibility, whereas highest it corresponds to the radio and the average to the press, as Lerida mentions Maradiaga Hair on the results of a survey that appeared in the Universal one (Who is who in TV? 29/sep/96, the Universal one)

The competition in the buy watson soma in Mexico is a very buy watson soma case. Before there was Television or democracy, as buy cod soma grove said to Jorge. (Jorge Chestnut grove, mentioned buy cod soma Jorge Saldaña in Mexico in the press, means communication, number 18, February 1996).

In summary, while buy cod soma Television private chain it has been blamed to maintain forts to him bonds with buy cod soma government, in Canada the public chain has buy cod soma to an implacable reputation like enemy and critic of the buy cod soma of the state. According to a survey, the CBC owns the greater credibility between the chains of the country. (Desberats, P. 46).

The Television

In Mexico there are 495 television stations of which 378 are concesionadas buy cod soma 117 permisionadas (Secondly report of government of president Ernesto Zedillo; Secretariat of Communications and Transports; 1o. of September of 1996). Canada only counts on 118 discount soma online 82 in English and 36 in French (Mathews Average Directory, March 1996)

During the presidential term of Saline Carlos of Gortari, the system of state television buy cod soma known as Imevisión were sold buy cod soma the deprived initiative, becoming which today it is Aztec Television.

The buy cod soma Gabriel Szekely emphasizes the so important buy cod soma that the Mexican television will play in the future: In this electronic means probably one will get rid of the main battles during the political discount soma online that we lived (Gabriel buy cod soma The battle by the television; The Universal one; 24 of 1996 July)

The buy cod soma is characterized by a numerous hearing buy cod soma as it almost indicates a survey published by Universal 95 percent of the population watches (Who is who in TV? ; Lérida Madariaga Hair; The Universal one; 29 of September of 1996)

On the other hand, in an investigation realised by the Reformation newspaper, 90 percent of the people interviewed were used to seeing the buy watson soma (Cultural Consumption and Means in the City of Mexico; The Reformation; 22 of January of 1996) and according to the survey of the project of Formation of Supplies and Cultural Public, in almost a 87 percent of the homes buy cod soma is television to color and in a 64 percent there is homemade video. (People in Mexico do not read, 21% of the Mexicans lacks a book; The Day; 16 of April of 1996)

In discount soma online metropolitan region the television has a greater diffusion than in province and in addition it has penetrated deeply even between the popular classes buy cod soma the poor discount soma online says Bohmann, Many of the poor families buy televisions with their last savings or through a credit by then to grant to a pair of hours of escape of the misery by means of the films of relaxation or the popular soap operas. (Bohmann, P. 133)

In Canada, there is a public support for television means that do not exist in the same proportion in Mexico. For example, the annual budget of the public chain Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is approximately of billions of Canadian dollars (approximately $750.000 the EU, discount soma online than $5 billion pesos.) (Desbarats, P. 62) In 1988, the government of this nation donated near fifty million Canadian dollars ($40 million the EU, more than $250 million Mexican pesos) for Telefilm-Canada, an organ that support to the productions of television (Hoskins, McFayden, Zolf; Canada-Mèxico Agreement on Film and Television)

It is necessary to add that in some provinces like Ontario, other public chains like TV Ontario with a high quality of programming exist. Besides the public chains private chain national CTV also buy watson soma a great competition for the buy watson soma chain, and also the Global private chain that has an almost national cover and groups of important regional channels like Baton Broadcasting and City-TV, in Toronto). Then, a viewer in Toronto could watch programs of the news of City-TV, Baton, TV Ontario, CBC, CTV, or a private station or any channel of Cablevisión including the programs of the news of the United States that also buy watson soma popular in Canada.

A point to emphasize, is that as buy watson soma Mexico as Canada has been much successful in the export of televising programs. In first Canadian series like the Horseman of Darknesses and ENG can be seen, buy cod soma the soap operas produced by Television buy cod soma given the return him to the world.

Both countries have had problems in producing programs that say something on their own histories. Recently, the soap opera the Ignited Entorcha dealed with Mexican history and Nothing Personal spoke buy watson soma present events. But it is necessary buy watson soma praise the fact that buy cod soma the Mexican television the programs deal buy cod soma the life in Mexico, not in the United States. But, there are limits to this sort to count the buy watson soma of a town.

Here I go!

In buy cod soma Canadian case the governmental support of the public chain has promoted the development of excellent programs on the country and her people discount soma online often are low ratings and people prefer to see the buy cod soma buy watson soma (It is possible Again to mention that the situation is very different in the Province from Quebec). The government requires a percentage of Canadian content in the private chains but often their programs copy to the American programs and they do not say anything on the Canadian experience. Then, some programs have a technical quality buy watson soma buy watson soma and higher budget but teleauditorio is smaller and more insignificant.

The Radio

In Mexico there are (according to official statistics) 1.307 radio stations: 1,141 concesionadas and 166 discount soma online (Secondly Report of Government of President Ernesto Zedillo, Secretary of Communications and Transports, 1 sep '96). In Canada, there are 550 radio stations (433 in English and 117 in French). (Matthews Average Directory, March 1996). Ninety discount soma online of the stations (498 in 1991) are private property.
(Site of Web on Canada, URL: http://www.tcol.co.uk/canada/can.htm, bring up to date 12 oct. 1996).

The public administration in Mexico does not have well supported a powerful chain and as Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) buy cod soma are many university stations, indigenistas and independent. (Bohmann, P. 339). In Mexico, the radio is the mass media that arrive at the greater number of consumers in a day buy cod soma one week, according to the buy cod soma of Broadcasters of the D.F. (Pamphlet, Radio is first) 85% of the homes in the Federal District have, in average, three radio receivers by each. There are 51 million radio monitorings (Hearing Accumulates 1987, Complete one, Pamphlet of the Association of Broadcasters).

96% buy cod soma the inhabitants buy watson soma the metropolitan area are used buy cod soma listening to the Radio, and more than 9 million people they yesterday listened to the Radio, according to a pamphlet of the Association of Broadcasters of the D.F. discount soma online Messages, Year 1, no. 2, ARDF) the public discount soma online in Canada has an excellence level that is only shared by other systems public like British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in the Great buy watson soma The CBC has important programs of humor, reporters, investigative journalism and cultural life of the country. The Canadian chain eliminated in 1975 the commercial ones of publicity, (Peter Desbarats, Guide to Canadian Average News, Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990, P. 39) but still produce programs of quality with the budget of the governmental source. Nevertheless, there is an important buy watson soma on the future of the public radio.

In Canada, the private radio does not have an excellent paper, and this must to the lack of productions of content programs, low wages for journalists and its programming only contains a great musical buy watson soma Mexico has one private radio that is possibly diverse than the radio in Canada. Although in 1982 the great majority of the private stations emitted exclusively commercial programs of music nowadays buy cod soma besides the musical, commercial programs and of the news, buy cod soma discussions and interviews, as well as programs of opinion on present questions in relation to the policy, the society, the economy, the culture, sciences and the sports, often in line direct can be listened with the public. (Bohmann, P. 338-339). discount soma online the freedom of information can touch its limits in political subjects, since mainly buy watson soma journalists have experimented it, among them, Distinguished Francisco Kitchen garden and Miguel Angel Plate with its programs of public opinion. (Bohmann, P. 339)

The Cinema

The cinema is the less contrasting means between both countries because they share the challenge to develop an important cinematographic industry, apart from which both they have been as much successful as failures buy cod soma which to the accomplishment of buy cod soma it talks about. Mexico and Canada signed an agreement the 8 of April of 1991 for the co-productions of cinema (Hoskins, McFayden and Zolf; Canada-Mexico Agreement on Film and Television). Both territories have served like scenes for American largometrajes like Dune, buy cod soma the Stone, Romeo and Julieta (Mexico) and Agnes of buy cod soma (Canada) and the series of television the Secret Files X (Canada).

The Canadian government supports the national tape diffusion to a great extent; as he tries buy cod soma it is the creation buy cod soma a bottom of 17 million Canadian dollars in 1988 to fulfill this objective. The Mexican cinema also requires governmental support. On a par of the fall of these deprived productions of our country, is mainly a cinema fomented by the government, who buy watson soma many, it is the salvation of our buy watson soma said Juan Carlos Záizar Contreras in his thesis, Factors that the new Mexican cinema needs to achieve commercial success. According to Hoskins, McFayden and Zolf, the Mexican government has tried to stimulate the film buy cod soma with a cultural value and to incorporate talents of schools of cinema in this country.

In buy cod soma there is the advantage of which the Mexican films are exhibited buy watson soma in the television channels of the country. In Canada, it is very rare to see a Canadian film in the television almost all are American films. Also, in Canada, many of their met actors more (Michael J. Fox, Jim Carrey, Leslie Nielsen, William Shatner, the deceased John Candy and Martin Short among others) appear in American films, nonCanadian. What is a fact is that in these two countries an enormous inferiority complex exists to appreciate the quality of films done in house.

The Printed Means

- In Mexico there buy cod soma a press buy cod soma which the journalists fear for their lives. - In Canada there is a press that some times hides of the demands.

- Mexico counts on a population near the 90 million inhabitants but tiraje put in circulation is low.

- buy cod soma Canadian population is small (approximately 30 buy cod soma inhabitants, according to Almanac, P. 48) but tiraje of newspapers is high.

- In Mexico it has between buy watson soma (according to Almanac, P. 441) and 400 newspapers, buy watson soma in the hands of several owners.

- In Canada there buy cod soma only 112 newspapers (according to Matthews Average Directory; buy cod soma of 1996), handled by great companies, although they are counted on the fingers.

- In Mexico, the journalists write to the traditional way, treating the present events and facts, without using often the literary techniques of environment adjustment and mentioning official sources of intelligence.

- In Canada the writing style of the press often imitates to Literature in the way of the call new journalism and looks for independent sources of intelligence in way of the investigative journalism.

Generally, either for or or evil, the Mexican press is the less sensationalist in the political news articles that the Canadian; nevertheless, when the subjects related to the criminality are contemplated is often discount soma online the contrary. The Canadian newspapers depend more in the discount soma online of the great companies than on the government. In Mexico, the government has the paper of the greater advertiser in Mexico. buy cod soma press in Mexico: an approach, Raymundo Riva Palace, This Country, June buy cod soma number 27, P. 34).

In 1993, for example, Raymundo Riva Palace wrote the following thing: We see, for example, the case of a newspaper of the city of Mexico, with tiraje of buy watson soma thousand units in 1989 and that obtained gains by a million dollars in the first trimester of 1989. How it is possible? How it can be that newspaper that says national and that it has more buy watson soma 250 employees, is a profitable operation buy watson soma press in Mexico: an approach, Raymundo Riva Palace, This Country, June 1993, number 27, P. 34).

The Tiraje of Newspapers

As it were already indicated previously, in Canada there buy cod soma few newspapers but with a very high circulation. In the city of the buy cod soma between that they emphasize are The Globe and Mail, The Toronto Sun and The Toronto Star, by the buy cod soma most important of all, since it Monday through buy cod soma has tiraje of 523.388 newspapers of and 786.281 buy cod soma (Matthews Average Directory; March of 1996; Publishing house Canadian Corporate News; p. D35) in an area that includes/understands near four million inhabitants (according to Almanac, P. 44). Tiraje of The Globe and Mail is of 330.030 (Matthews, p.D33) and The Toronto Sun accumulates 240.822 readers of Monday to Saturday and 413.665 Sundays (Matthews, P.D36).

In Mexico tiraje national reaches the 10.588.365 units (Bohmann, buy watson soma 335) and in the buy cod soma in 1990 it had between 731.000 and 3 million unit, depending who buy cod soma the source. (The press in Mexico: an approach, Raymundo Riva Palace, This Country, June 1993, number 27, P. 34). In Canada tiraje of circulation of newspapers is approximately 6 million and the weekly newspapers more buy cod soma 100 million.
(Site of Web on Canada, URL: http://www.tcol.co.uk/canada/can.htm, position again 12 oct. 1996).

The problems buy cod soma illiteracy in Mexico always appear like a serious obstacle discount soma online discount soma online information. In agreement with buy cod soma survey buy cod soma the project buy cod soma Formation of Supplies and Cultural Public (Focyp), 21% of the Mexican population at least buy cod soma not count on a book (people in Mexico does not read, 21% of the Mexicans lacks a book; Renato Ravelo; The Day; 16 of April of 1996). People in Mexico do not read, say Jorge A. buy cod soma Cultural coordinator of the project of investigation of Formation of Supplies and Public in this article. buy cod soma has technical books, does not have books the pleasure. Another barrier that arises against the daily reading is the price of the newspapers, that is comparable to those of Canada, buy watson soma that the wage average was there of $35.000 dollars Canadian in 1991 for a man (approximately $175.000 pesos to the year) and discount soma online for a woman ($105.000 pesos to the year) (Almanac, p.44).

The price of newspapers and magazines raises and the public cannot buy cod soma products indispensable for the knowledge of the buy cod soma affirms Jorge Meléndez (Mexico in the press; Jorge Meléndez; Mean-communication; 1996). The newspaper circulation in Mexico is not always clear. Karin Bohmann writes: In same Mexico it is not practically possible to collect data on the amount and the reach of average on his tiraje, the readers, etc. Many sources are contradicted or differed from others, and some are located neither in the National Library, nor in the universities or Secretariats (Karin Bohmann, informative Mass media and systems in Mexico; Publishing Alliance; Second Edition in Mexico; 1994; p. 23).

Although in 1982 one calculated that there were almost three million global buy cod soma in buy cod soma Federal District (Bohmann, buy cod soma 27), Some comunicólogos consider that in the capital they are not sold more than 450.000 units to the day (Trejo Delabre 1991:28; Riva Palace 1992:44; buy cod soma in Bohmann; p. 335). Also in that same year, Bohmann it indicated that there were buy cod soma newspapers by each 1.000 people (Bohmann, P. 131) and six newspapers with tiraje official over the 200.000 units. Only This has tiraje more than 400.000 units. (Bohmann, P. 370).

The Property of Means

A problem that could bring serious consequences for Canada is the concentration of the press in only two companies buy cod soma they are Thomson and Southam (Peter Desbarats; Guide to buy watson soma Average News; Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; Toronto; 1990; p. 57). First, one consolidates like one of the ten greater companies of the country with bottoms of more than $13 billions of Canadian dollars ($65 billions of pesos). (Almanac; p. 222) Are other buy watson soma of newspapers but much less important. Mexico is perhaps not very remote of this reality but not to such buy cod soma point.

The Mexican Publishing Organization (OEM) is newspaper proprietor like buy cod soma Sun of Mexico (including several regional editions) and This. 14 years ago, tiraje buy cod soma was of 1,88 million unit, of buy watson soma amount 18,7% belonged to the OEM. (Bohmann; p. 136) Publishing New buy cod soma only counted on modest a 4% of total the national edition but the shareholders of this newspaper occupy a fortified position in the market of the magazines, the radio and the television. (Bohmann; p. 136) According to Bohmann, 13 companies directed more of 90% of the commercial stations of radio in buy cod soma Despite, the representations most of arm to the publicity and the times, also the programs. In that sense, in the Mexican broadcasting it does not exist a tendency marked the concentration of the property, but one to the journalistic concentration due to the powerful position that occupies the advertising buy cod soma (Bohmann; p. 138).

In buy cod soma buy cod soma buy cod soma buy cod soma television, the privatization of Aztec Television has put something of pressure on Television, nevertheless, continue being only buy cod soma companies, managed by Saline powerful buy cod soma like Ricardo Sheet (Aztec TV) and the Azcárraga family (Television). In Canada, the competition occurs so much by the televising stations of the United States, that is seen with or without cable system, like by that is in the own country. In addition, there are a great amount of possessing companies of television channels or radio stations. Once again, the situation is contrasting.

The Differences of Style

In buy cod soma Canadian newspapers and magazines, the journalists judge the work of the writers who have a fiction style, an influence of the call new journalism that began buy cod soma be developed in the Sixties. By many buy cod soma the journalists in my country religiously used the model of the inverted pyramid. According to this landlord, the most important information of any news must appear thus in the first paragraph that are written up, and until concluding with the facts of less relevance. Soon then, the publishers of newspapers could suppress without no remorse the secondary paragraphs that considered unnecessary or those that could not enter by question of space within the flat ones.

The problem with this journalistic buy watson soma customary is that buy cod soma news becomes predictable, boring and descontextualiza of human occurring. Many of buy watson soma subjects of which it is written need an illustration or a reference that him of own life buy cod soma the same news, the example of a similar case previously happened or the story of the atmosphere that was lived at certain moment is elements that support the facts that try to communicate. In many occasions inside the halls class we buy watson soma discussed east journalistic style and many of my students argue that a smooth entrance or lead can be boring for the reader because is very taken the development of the subject and to that buy cod soma the economic circumstances in which we lived, the reader does not have long time available to dedicate it to a long article, concentrate as much in the form as in the content. Nevertheless, in my opinion it turns out more tedious to have at the hand many statistics or information without the human face that it lives behind history.

It does not draw attention to have a series of data discount soma online buy cod soma calculations to me if I cannot buy cod soma them to people of meat and bone that day to day faces its reality. discount soma online Mexico every time a greater number of journalists exists than they discount soma online to imitate to buy cod soma investigative journalism and that is a good symptom that the things are changing. In Canada, the things have not occurred as they would have, the press in their hardship to make their own Watergate unjustly committed many errors when criticizing to ex--first Canadian minister Brian Mulroney. Here it is the case: the buy cod soma accused Mulroney to accept a bribe, buy cod soma information came from an irresponsible news article of a public television buy cod soma After many articles, investigations and other equipment were that the information that was being handled against the ex--first minister never had a real foundation and that buy cod soma was because of a lack of investigation of the facts of the part of Canadian mass media. (Vicious Circle: Reporters on the Airbus beat thought they were chasing Mulroney. Really They were chasing themselves, Susan Gittins, Saturday Night, October 1996, P. 125)

The Payment of the Journalists

In buy cod soma country, buy cod soma contrast to which it happens buy cod soma Mexico, chayote practically does not exist what buy cod soma called (monetary amount that serves to bribe the reporters), because the bites buy cod soma which cover buy watson soma source are subtler and instead of money it is provided to them with tickets for certain events. buy cod soma cannot deny that a small number of the journalists in Canada is continued selling by favors or the friendship unites that them to politicians, important stars of rock and other people. buy cod soma must mention that although there is little work for the signallers in Canada, the pays much more are elevated in comparison with those of Mexico.

According to data provided by buy cod soma figures in 1987 the monthly minimum wages in my country oscillate between the 3.000 Canadian dollars (almost $20.000 pesos every month) in The Globe and Mail and The Toronto Star, and $3.500 Dog. ($20.000 pesos) in The Gazette of Montreal. (Peter Desbarats, Guide to Canadian Average buy cod soma 1990, p.89) In 1985 the wage annual average for a journalist in Canada was of 26.764 dollars American; the buy cod soma means had the highest remunerations with 33.009 buy cod soma followed of televising with the 33.367 dollars and more down radio with 22.593 dollars Canadian. (Peter Desberats, guide to Canadian Average News, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Toronto Canada, 1990, p.89) It is possible to indicate in addition that in my country it is counted on a very important union of journalists.

In Mexico buy cod soma work of buy cod soma journalist is on buy cod soma other hand, not reflected in the wages. What they pay to them by his work does not reach to them to live with dignity reason why they must resort to other average ones to subsist (other works chayote, etc.), in addition, its life is in danger serious when they dare to denounce illicit bribes or because the authorities do not endorse them as they would have. buy watson soma example, in one of the most important magazines of the country, Process, for six years the journalists have been buy cod soma only a monthly minimum wage of 2.227 pesos. (Minimum Wage for journalists, Documents of the Mexican magazine of communication, Foundation Manuel Buendía, Mexico, 1990) they less pay to Us to six times, when they pay to us, that to the workers, for example, that toil in a factory of buy cod soma and the profession to make rims seems to me buy cod soma respectable, but it also seems absolutely unjust to me and unworthy that six times than to the workers pay to us less who make rims, it said to Eduardo Valley. (Minimum Wage for journalists, Documents of the Mexican magazine of communication, Foundation Manuel Buendía, Mexico 1990).

As it said to Raymundo Riva Palace, it indicated to Eduardo Valley. That discount soma online (of journalists) cannot be justified of any form, but discount soma online elementary thing for us is to understand that insofar as is buy watson soma to buy watson soma journalist less, in that buy watson soma measurement it multiplies the possibility of on, the possibility of the chayote and the possibility of the corruption at a buy cod soma level, because we are clear, is a greater level: the great corruption. And the great corruption is not the one of the reporters, the great corruption is not the one of the graphical reporters, the great corruption is not the one of the cronistas the great corruption is the one of the buy cod soma of mass media, because to end of accounts, to receive an envelope of 150 thousand pesos it is to corrupt, but to receive an enormous amount of prebandage or dark and very strong payments, or preferential prices or preferential situations, or as Julio wrote it to Scherer: shirts of soothe with their own name or a picture of Siquieros, that one is the great corruption (minimum Wage for journalists, Documents of the Mexican magazine of communication, Foundation Manuel Buendía, Mexico, 1990).

Assassinated journalists

Canada is not immune to discount soma online threats buy cod soma death to buy cod soma journalists, nor to buy cod soma murders. For example, the Canadian reporter Brian Smith was pestered without no apparent reason more than the desire buy watson soma a psychopath to eliminate a member buy watson soma the press. Nevertheless, whereas in my country two deaths between 1986 and 1995 were only buy cod soma in Mexico 16 or more journalists in the same period were exterminated, occupying the third world-wide place between the countries with a high degree of discount soma online in the area of the communication. buy watson soma In the day of the Freedom of Press, the 7 of June of 1988, the Lic. Jesus Cantú Escalante, Chief of a main directorate of the metropolitan newspaper the Future of Monterrey, made this observation: The colleagues reunited here we have the certainty that formally they do not exert the censorship, nor the repression nevertheless, the Mexican press is not other people's to the national problems. Thus we must discount soma online in the last six years the murders officially recognized of 16 journalists. The people in charge of 12 of these crimes still are free.

The slowness of buy watson soma authorities to solve some cases makes justice for the Mexicans and the journalists negatory. (Minimum Wage for journalists, buy cod soma of the buy cod soma magazine of communication, Foundation Manuel Buendía, 1990) buy cod soma 1982 and 1990 49 homicides to journalists had happened and tie people with the press and in the majority of the cases were not punished to the guilty, words of Rogelio Hernandez de Excélsior (28 of May of 1990, page 4, mentioned by Jorge Meléndez in the journalist like social transformer, minimum Wage for journalists, Documents of the Mexican magazine of communication, Foundation Manuel Buendía, Mexico, 1990).

Conclusion

He is interesting to make this comparison between means of both countries to cause other forms of operation of means. For buy cod soma discount soma online Canadian private radio could try to copy the buy cod soma paper buy cod soma it has half east in Mexico. In the same way, the Mexicans could consider other models of journalism like the new media or the media of opposition. Also it is important to think buy watson soma the role that the government within means plays. Whereas the Mexican government is taking part every time to a lesser extent in massive means of communication, the Canadians are defending to the public system of communication. Of this form, we can reflect on the roll that we want that they carry out the authorities of our countries. And to emphasize a very important aspect: the paper that buy cod soma massive means of communication in our societies is not always the paper that had to play.

McLuhan generation


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