Summary

This it is an exploratory study related to the access and use that give the women to the new technologies of communication. The investigation explores this universe of the daily life from two perspective: the one of sort and communication and the one of the daily consumption of teconologías.

We assume that there are some socio-economic factors such as and the cultural ones that they influence in the access and use that him of a those ic lorazepam technologies, this without mattering if are developed or ic lorazepam countries.

The point alprazolam vs lorazepam view of which it divides this investigation is alprazolam vs lorazepam the women do not have access to certain technologies of communication and therefore they do not use them.

The study took place with 20 women of middle-class so that they filled a binnacle where it detected the access and use that they give to those technologies of communication. The results of this investigation analyze with data provided by the National Census of Population in Mexico ic lorazepam and Count 1995, this to explain the relation with economic and cultural factors.

Introduction

This study talks about the importance that has in the daily life the ic lorazepam of the communication technologies. The use goes related to the access that has them and this one can be bound to economic factors, social and cultural. Also it will have ic lorazepam origin in very specific needs personal as it they can be of communication, socialization or entertainment. The investigation leaves ic lorazepam the point of view that the women are a sector of the population that is marginalized somehow of the access to certain technologies of communication. In order to study the previous thing ic lorazepam began to explore the universe of the daily use of some technologies of communication when selecting to a group of 20 women among 20 and 40 years, profesionistas and housewives, of middle-class, the metropolitan area of the City of Monterrey, in the State again Leon. Mexico.

Revision of Literature

Pierre Léonard Harvey (1995; 160-162) it indicates ic lorazepam in diverse investigations alprazolam vs lorazepam French authors Jacques Pomonti and Gérard Métayer, reach the conclusion who exist three types of needs in the use of the ic lorazepam technologies. In first term biological the primary ic lorazepam the second ic lorazepam own cultural values of the social ic lorazepam and in third term, the own contradictions or antagonism that arise between first and second. First they are the biological needs of the individual that cannot be satisfied in their social relations. The interpretation is inspired by the psychoanalytic model that locates to the primary needs in the logic of the social pulsations, and the needs are symbolized by EROS. The secondary needs are related in particular to the cultural values in the social organization. Its satisfaction is a condition to survive in that organization. These needs depend on a logical organization of a certain society. In this case of the technified societies, simbolozada by CHRONOS (the necessity to know the time in a context).

The third necessity is related to the antagonism that can be between the two first needs. For ic lorazepam the opposition between the biological clock ic lorazepam the clock socially imposed (CHRONOS). If we want to analyze the social organization and her relation between the then woman and technologies we will have to speak ic lorazepam the new technologies of communication and the sort.

The studies on communication and sort have their origin at ic lorazepam end of years 50 (Pearson, Turner, Todd-Mancillas, 1993; 48). Cynthia Cockburn (1994; 32-35) he aims lorazepam medication lorazepam medication difference between sexes and their relation with the technology is remarkable and indicates alprazolam vs lorazepam the men always have been the one who make and use the technologies, for example writes that in century XX the women were not admitted in the Union of Engineers in England but until 1942. It adds that the coming of the microChips ic lorazepam not break with the sexual division of the technical work and did not give the knowledge them (know-how) of how to design, to produce and to control, but unique, the women became, in presionadoras of bellboys of an electronic equipment. She indicates that in the technological change the woman has seen itself more hit in relation to which she has been able to hit. Cockburn (1994; 40-41) it aims that investigators Gray (1987) and Haddon (1988) try that within the use of the ic lorazepam there are masculinidad and feminidad symbols and that some technologies have been turned towards a properly masculine symbolism. On the other hand Sonia Livingston (1994; 117) write that as much men as women use the television, the radio or the telephone of different form and for different aims. lorazepam medication example in the home husband and woman they use the telephone in house for different types from calls, the same will happen with the television. It indicates that it must to four factors, the necessity, the control, the functionality and the sociability. When needing lorazepam medication the necessity it mentions like example that the women compared with the men speak more explicitly of the importance of the modern technologies in the daily life.

The lorazepam medication that can influence so that of this phenomenon they are diverse, Parson, Turner, Todd-Mancillas (1993; 92-95) they reveal studies done ic lorazepam the United States where one has verified as as much within the family as in the schools they are continued stereotyping the sexual rolls of men and women. They exist variable in the family if the mother works or no. In the school there is different ic lorazepam for children and children depending if he is O-Man woman the teacher, and also if the school is more or less traditional.

The Investigation

From our investigation we revealed data on ic lorazepam times of consumption of some technologies of communication such as: television, telephone, radar sets, cellular telephone, radio, computer, video cassette recorder among others. Also we showed to some statistical data (INEGI, Census 1990 ic lorazepam Count of population and house 1995) about the situation of the man and the woman in Mexico and Nuevo Leo'n (Square 2.3).

The most significant data are the following: of a total population in Mexico in 1990 of 81, 249, 645 inhabitants, 15, 426, 946 were men and 16, 690, 364 were women for 1995 was increased the total population in Mexico to 91, 158, 290 inhabitants, where Nuevo Leo'n registers 3.550.114 inhabitants of who 1.773 790 are men and 1.776.324 women. (Picture 3). The total population of profesionistas in Mexico in 1990, was of 1.897, 377 people, where the total population of women was of 41.400, 000 and of profesionistas of 641, 384 (Picture 2).

With regards the State Leon in 1990 we observed a total population lorazepam medication ic lorazepam of 1 again, 556, 072 and the amount of lorazepam medication women is translated to a number of 37.270. (Picture 3,4) As we said the study previously leaves from the point of view that the women are a sector of the population that somehow is ic lorazepam to the access of certain technologies of communication. For example when observing the following data (INEGI, 1990) of the Census of 1990 are mentioned in the section of the woman with respect to the scholastic attendance that the feminine population goes to the school of 5 to 24 years, is observed that in agreement advances the east age percentage it is increased until reaching his maximum value to the 9 years (93,1%).

Later it falls gradually, of such form that enters lorazepam medication lorazepam medication and 19 years, less than half of the women go to the school and between the 20 and alprazolam vs lorazepam years the scholastic attendance is of alprazolam vs lorazepam 13,8%. This fact is associated on the other, on the one hand to the early incorporation of the young people to the economic activity and to the great portion of women who dedicate themselves to the home. Also, the instruction level has been increased in the last years remarkably, mainly in the subsequent studies to basic education, nevertheless in this aspect the woman continues being located in ic lorazepam levels to the reached ones about the man. (Picture 6)

Even though the economic participation of the woman has been increased, it is inferior to the one of the man, since in 1990 326 active men by each 100 women registered themselves. Considering the age, the economic participation of the woman reaches its maximum value to a young age between the 29 and the 24 years, however, economic the participation principle of the man appears between the 25 and 39 years. (Picture 5) In relation to the labor position, the greater proportion of women is concentrated in the group of working employees or, followed by the one of workers by its account. It is possible to mention that the majority of the feminine population takes care of the tertiary sector.

This lorazepam medication is ic lorazepam exploratory character and raises a principle lorazepam medication analysis of ic lorazepam phenomenon of the access and use of technologies of communication on the part of the woman. For this aim ic lorazepam was asked to them 20 women among 20 and 40 years, housewives and profesionistas, of middle-class of the metropolitan area of the City of Monterrey, that filled during the period of 7 days, from the 5 to the 11 of June of 1996, a binnacle (Cuadro1). Of the 20, they were 18 binnacles to codify itself. It is possible to clarify that the binnacle comprises important of the investigation since is the instrument that ic lorazepam to approach us the cotidianidad in the access and use of the technologies, and this one is on approval.

Analysis of results

Of the total population of 18 regiomontanas women 50% fluctuate between the 26 and the 31 years and the other 50% it enters the 32 41 years, 56% of these are married and unmarried 44%. 72% are profesionistas active and 28% are dedicated to the home. (Picture 7) the profesionistas women consume in the first place the television with 13,30 hours to the week, secondly the computer with 9 hours to the week and the telephone thirdly with 7 hours to the week. On the other hand the housewives also consume the television in the first place with 10,40 hours to the week, the telephone 4,10 hours occupies the second place and the radio in third with 3 hours to the week. (Picture 9)

This way the television is the communication technology that consumes more as much housewives as profesionistas. Also it is significant that the profesionistas women consume more time each technology in comparison of the housewives. For example, the profesionistas consumed the telephone an average of 2 hours more to the week in comparison of the housewives. (Picture 9). The general average of use of technologies on the part of the housewives and profesionistas is as we said in the first place the television, with 12,20 hours to the week, the computer in second with 6,40 hours to the week, and the telephone thirdly with an average of 6,20 hours to the week. On the other hand the cellular telephones are used an average of 2 minutes per week and occupied the sixth place. (Picture 8)

In the daily life the activity that occupies more time is to sleep, with an average for the housewives and profesionistas of 47 hours to the week, which means 7,20 hours daily. To watch is the second daily activity that occupies more time with a consumption average of 12 hours to the week, which means 2 hours 10 minutes daily average. (Picture 10) the third activity was the entertainment and the quarter the computer. The fifth daily activity that occupies more time is to move with a daily average of 54 minutes, almost one hour daily, just like to speak on the telephone, that occupies the sixth place with a daily average of 53 minutes. To the seventh it occupies it activity to listen to the radio, with 5 hours 10 minutes daily. (Picture 10) the technology to which access is had but is the radio with a total of 63 apparatuses (50 in house and 13 in the automobile). It follows the television to him with 43 apparatuses, thirdly the telephone with 29 apparatuses (16 apparatuses in house and 13 in office). The technology that occupies the fourth place in number of apparatuses is the computer with an average of 20, which the majority is in offices. (Cuadro11)

Conclusions

In ic lorazepam access alprazolam vs lorazepam use ic lorazepam communication technologies the communication technology ic lorazepam the television that occupies the greater importance within the daily activities. He is interesting to indicate that the number of radios lorazepam medication house is major and in spite of it the television is consumed. We did not detect in this binnacle the form of consumption of each ic lorazepam but in the section of observations of the binnacle we obtained commentaries that the lorazepam medication was listened to more time during the displacements in the automobile that in the house. The access to the computer occupies the third place, nevertheless the time that is used in relation to the television still is not significant, and we will add that they are the profesionistas that use really it. Concluímos that the marginalization of the woman ic lorazepam in the first place and after the profesionista to the access and use of technologies, must to economic factors as as much cultural. Since we know of the alprazolam vs lorazepam of profesionistas women in as much is increased the age. (Picture 4). The main reason is because the woman leaves the professional life and she is dedicated to the home or another alprazolam vs lorazepam of economic activities. Another reason is the economic marginalization since the wage monthly average that the woman perceives is inferior to the possibilities of purchase of ic lorazepam of the new technologies of alprazolam vs lorazepam for example in our study the wage average of the profesionistas is of $3.942,00 pesos monthly ($492,00 dls to the month) and the cost of a computer multimedia is of $18.550,00 pesos alprazolam vs lorazepam ($2.375,00 dls).

We conclude to hypothesis way the following thing:

1. - The profesionistas women use plus the communication technologies that the housewives.

2. - The profesionistas women between the 25 and 35 years have major use and access to the communication technologies.

3. - The women housewives will have minor use of the communication technologies.

Recommendations:

To develop a ic lorazepam where the seven first technologies ic lorazepam indicated in this study are detected like mainly consumed. After in this same binnacle they detect times average ic lorazepam consumption of each; the places where they are located in the house and the office; the forms and objectives of consumption of each. To specify the ic lorazepam daily activities that have been more time, as it can be to read a book, to play, to make exercise and the domestic work. Later to study the access and use of technologies in the daily life of the man, ic lorazepam to compare the results.

Tables and Pictures:

References:

1. - Cockburn Cynthia, The Circuit of technology, to gender, identity and to power. Chapter 2 in Consuming Technologies, (for Silverstone Roger, London, New York, Routledge, 1994) p.p. 32, 35, 40, 41.

2. - Harvey Pierre Léonard (1995). Cybérespace ET Communautique. Quebec. Them presses of L'Université de Laval ic lorazepam 160,161,162.

3. - National Institute of Statistical Geography and Informática ic lorazepam 24, Feb, 1997 http://www.inegi.gob.mx Studies and Documents of ic lorazepam the Census of Population and House, 1990.

4. - Livingston Sonia. The Meaning of domestic technologies. To personnel construct familial analysis of gender relations. Chapter 7, in Consuming Technologies. (by Silverstone Roger, London, New York, Routledge, 1994) p.p.117.

5. - Pearson, Turner, Todd-Mancillas (1993) Communication and Sort. Spain ed Paidós, p.p 48,92,95.