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The Society of the Information Utopía or Panóptico?

 

By Octavio Islands and Fernando Gutiérrez
Number 38

The Society of the Information like utopia
The term society of the valium drug test has been incorporated, with relative insistence, in the recent valium drug test cheap online valium political Literature, academic and mediatic contemporaries. Journalists, politicians, cybernauts, academic and investigating usually evoke so ambiguous concept to talk about to the type of desirable societies to which there will be to lead the globalisation to us. If in agreement with Lenin, imperialism represents the final stage of Capitalism, is possible to affirm that the societies of the information and the knowledge admit to be considered like final stage of the mcluhaniana global village.

In agreement with the investigating outstanding Claudia Benassini Felix, to Daniel Bell the merit corresponds of to have introduced, in the middle of the decade of 1960, the notion of society of the information. Equally, in the Third Wave, Alvin Toffler, famous futurólogo and prospectivista, anticipated with remarkable cheap online valium some cheap online valium cheap online valium fundamental characteristics of the society of the information. The third Wave - valium drug test affirms will introduce a new society, which will rest in the information, the knowledge and the creativity. In the societies of the Third Wave, the productivity will depend on the development of new technologies, which would allow the man to do less and to think more.

In get valium online construction of the society of valium drug test information and the knowledge, the outposts information technologies and communications (TIC) assume a stellar get valium online The TIC is cause and consequence of the structural get valium online that favor the transition of the industrialized societies of the globalised world to societies of the information. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the society of the information is the limitless access to the information resources, valium drug test the Society of the Information in Spain is clear in the report, 2000. Present and perspective: the Society of the Information is a stage of social development characterized by the capacity of its members (citizen, companies and Public Administration) to obtain and to share any data, very instantaneously, from any place and in the form valium drug test is preferred (Telephone: 2000, 20).

For the enthusiastic defenders get valium online the society of the information - tecnoentusiastas- the limitless access to the information allows to base the hope of being able to erect righter and igualitarias societies. In agreement with the Union the International of Telecommunications, the society of the information is a society:

in that all cheap online valium people, without no type of distinction, will have the effective power cheap online valium create, to receive, to share and to use the information and the knowledge in any means of information, doing without the borders. For the development of this society of the information, he is essential, among other things, the fundamental respect of the human rights and liberties, such as the freedom of opinion and expression, as well as the independent, pluralistic and free mass media existence .2

United Nations are one of the organizations who more hopes have built in the construction of the valium drug test of the information, and indeed by initiative valium drug test from the 10 to the 12 of get valium online of 2003, she was realised in Geneva, Switzerland, first stage of the World-wide Summit on the Society of the Information. Tunisia will be soothes of the second phase of the world-wide summit, from the 16 to the 18 of get valium online of 2005.3

At the end of the 2000, the Member States of United Nations defined the Objectives of Development of the UN for the Millenium - also known as Goals of development of the Declaration of the Millenium - the,4 eight objectives that the 191 Member States of United Nations were committed to fulfill for year 2015 are:

1. To eradicate the extreme poverty and the hunger.
2. To obtain universal primary education.
3. valium drug test promote the equality between the sorts valium drug test the autonomy of the woman.
4. To reduce infantile mortality.
5. To improve the maternal health.
6. To fight the VIH/SIDA, the malaria and other diseases.
7. To guarantee the sustainability of the environment.
8. To foment a world-wide association for the development.

From each one of valium drug test Goals of development of the Declaration of the Millenium they leave certain objectives valium drug test In objective number 18 of the eighth goal - To foment a world-wide valium drug test for the development, is clear the importance that admits the TIC like effective handles of the development of the societies: In collaboration with the deprived sector, to guard so that the benefits can be useful the new technologies, cheap online valium particular, those of the technologies of the information and communications .5

As we can notice in ours first table, made from information published in get valium online WWW site get valium online the Union the International of Telecomunicaciones (UIT), the TIC could be used to reach the Goals of development of the Declaration of the Millenium:

Table 1 Possible incidence of the intelligent use of the TIC to reach the arranged thing in the Objectives of Development of the UN after the Millenium

Objectives valium drug test Incidence
Objective 1. To eradicate the extreme poverty and the hunger Increase of the originating income of the TIC According to a valium drug test realised in 1999 on the proprietors valium drug test telephones of previous payment in the villages of Bangladesh, 24% of the total income of those homes come from the benefit of the telephone service.
Objective 2. To obtain universal primary education
Qualification of teachers of primary school by means of the TIC
In Nepal, 4 430 people received in 2001 a remote qualification like teachers of primary school through systems of radio communications. Taking as he bases the present numbers of a teacher for 40 students, 176 616 new students in that type of school could register when the teachers complete their formation. The net increase of the number of inscriptions in primary schools valium drug test be of 5.7%.
Objective 3. To promote the equality between the sorts and the autonomy of the woman   Percentage of women registered in education programs that use valium drug test TIC in relation to the total number of women registered at level superior  In Australia, the project Open Learning Australia (WAVE) offers get valium online level education superior that in line combines remote education get valium online education. In 2002, 6 129 students, get valium online which 56.9% were women, participated in this program. The proportion of students get valium online superior to which it exists generally in secondary education (54.9%). As a result of the program WAVE, the rate of matriculation of students at level elevated superior is 0.8% more. 
Objective 4. To reduce infantile mortality   Percentage of parents of small children who use cheap online valium tools TIC for the health  Baby CareLink is a valium drug test of telemedicine for parents of small children in the valium drug test States. According to an evaluation realised in 1997-99 on valium drug test patients, the parents who use Baby CareLink provide to their taken care of children of a quality 10% superior in comparison with the parents who do not do it. 
Objective 5. To improve the maternal health  Percentage get valium online workers who use the TIC in the scope of the maternal health   According to the evaluation of a project of maternal health based on the technologies of the radio communications realised in 1999 July in the district of Tororo (Uganda), it was stated that the rate of maternal mortality was reduced to half. 
Objective 6. To fight the VIH/SIDA, the malaria and other diseases  Percentage of adult population that adopts a way of life healthier after to have received, by means of the TIC, information on the health  After valium drug test evaluation realised in September of 1998 of an educative wireless program valium drug test valium drug test prevention of HIV in Santa Lucia, the preservative import increased the 143% after the diffusion of the program. 
Objective 7. To guarantee the sustainability of the environment  Percentage of teleworkers in relation to the total number of workers  There valium drug test 38 700 teleworkers in Ireland, that is to say 2.3% of the total number of workers. Consequently, the valium drug test dioxide emissions carbon of the automotive traffic are handicapped valium drug test If Irish a whose professional activities show tendency to telework (28% of the total number of workers) valium drug test at home, the carbon dioxide emissions would diminish 30%. 

Source: Union the International of Telecommunications: Report on the World-wide Development of the Telecommunications (ITU, edition 2003) To measure the access to the society of the information. To evaluate the incidence of the TIC in the established Objectives of Development on world-wide scale. 23 indicators and to reduce to the breaches digital and estadística.6

In one of documents more excellent than they were from first stage of the World-wide Summit on the Society of the Information - we talked about the Declaration of Principles To construct the society of the information: a world-wide challenge for the new millenium, the 18 first statements of a total of 67, corresponds to the intention to establish the vision of United Nations on the society of the information:

1 We, representing valium drug test the towns of the world, reunited in Geneva from the 10 to the 12 of December of 2003 on the occasion of first stage of the World-wide Summit on the Society of the Information, declared our desire and commitment common to construct a society of the information centered in the person, incluyente and oriented to the development, in which all can create, consult, use and share the information and the knowledge, so that the people, the communities and the towns can develop their potential plenary session in the valium drug test of their sustainable development and improve their quality of valium drug test in agreement with the objectives and principles of the Letter of the United Nations and respecting and defending totally the valium drug test Declaration of Human rights.

2 Our challenge get valium online to channel get valium online potential valium drug test valium drug test technology valium drug test the information and the communication to promote the goals of development of the Declaration of the Millenium, that is to say, to eradicate the extreme poverty and the hunger, to obtain a universal primary education, to promote the equality of sort and the qualification of the women, to reduce infantile mortality, to improve the maternal health, to fight the VIH/SIDA, the malaria and other diseases, to valium drug test environmental and to forge world-wide alliances valium drug test favor of the development to obtain a world more Pacific, and just prosperous viability. We also reiterate our commitment towards the profit of the sustainable development and the goals of development been suitable, that are indicated in the Declaration of Johannesburg and the Plan of Application of the Consensus of Monterrey, and other valium drug test of pertinent Summits of the United Nations.

The optimistic reading valium drug test the utopia Society of the Information, indeed allows us to conceive new possibilities of liberation that the very same Herbert Marcuse valium drug test recognized and praised. However a pessimistic reading would force to repair to us in the evident lines of exclusion, as well as in the disturbing unfolding of advanced devices panópticos, able to exert retail functions of monitoring and punishment (digital panoptismo).

Famous Belgian Armand Mattelart, professor of Sciences of Information and Communication of University of Paris VIII, valium drug test in the decade of 1970 acquired great notoriety in the Latin American academy of communication, from the publication of the book to read the Donald Duck, valium drug test an interview that granted valium drug test journalist Jordi Gordon, which was published in the Socialist Initiative - valium drug test who can be consulted in the WWW site of the initiative of Communication, affirms that the society of the information and the knowledge suppose the democratic deficit in the communication and the information, which:

this related to valium drug test problem of the transformation of the systems of communication and information, as much of the average ones as the emergencia of the new technologies. The challenge that supposes for the humanity is get valium online being discussed in the organized valium drug test society, but, on the contrary, valium drug test is besides the glance of that civil society. An example is the fascination that produces Internet to us, that manages to abstract to valium drug test of all critical glance and aggravates the Darwinist conception of the kindness of the technologies that has settled in our society. While the lobbies, the pressure groups work pressing the politicians there are answers of the no society. Of that way everything becomes a technical problem. In fact, that is the unique thought, do not exist political nor social problems from which to approach this world () We live hypnotized by the new economy, by the technologies, and they sell a future to us of economic progress without limits .7

The digital panoptismo like antithesis of the society of the information
The digital panoptismo, like the advance one by valium drug test Orwell in its novel 1984, admits to be considered like perfect antithesis of the society of the information. In agreement with outstanding journalist Naief Yehya (2002: 20-21), the happy world of the digital convergence:

it is the version of the Disneyland of the world of the novel valium drug test in which George Orwell described a valium drug test world in which the borders had disappeared almost absolutely, and only were three nations. The society lived hyperconnected by means of gigantic monitors that transmitted disinformation day and night. The dominant language was newspeak which in spite of being limited is infinitely richer and expressive than ciberjerga, that is keyed in chats of cheap online valium indescribable Network and that emoticons, (those drawings of faces that take control of signs of score like: (). In novel 1984 the fantasy reigned of which all world was equal although the proletarians lacked everything. The masses of the era of Internet on the other hand are governed by a non-political culture of consumption, in which the differences of social classes are accentuated in dramatic form, and where the destitutes not only are marginalized, but simply they disappear to lack telephone credit cards, computers, lines and knowledge of the English language. In the novel, the complete society spends five minutes daily to hatred against the enemy of the town, Samuel Goldstein; of similar way the American reporters of the present time have in the Saudi millionaire Osama Bin Laden to the perfect enemy of the town. Finally, the town of the Australian Continent in the novel, has given its freedom to the older brother; of similar way, at present the directors of the great corporations as if they were brother majors control threads of the economy, the policy and the bordering culture of the citizens of the republic of Internet and zones.

As a result of the dramatic events of the 11 of September of 2001, the desirable transition towards a world-wide economy built in the development of the society of the information and the knowledge pending seems to have been. George W. Bush, fortieth third president of the call imperial republic, decided to prop up its presidential management in two activities that of valium drug test way are strange to the interests of valium drug test well-off family: the economy military and the business of petroleum.

Under protection of the undertaken crossed one against the international terrorism, valium drug test government of president Bush has impelled determined law initiatives, which have imposed sensible restrictions to the freedom of expression and the rights regarding the valium drug test of the people. A minimum inventory of the initiatives that has impelled the administration Bush to limit the right referred ones includes/understands: Wiretap Statute, Electonic Communications Privacy Act, Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Family Education Rights and Privacy Act, Pen Register and Trap and Trace Statute, Money Laundering Act, Immigration and Nationality Act, Money Laundering Act Control, Bank Secrecy Act, Right to Financial Privacy Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, the USA Patriotic Act and Anti-Terrorism Act 2001 (IT TIES).

For the development, coordination and implementation of an integral strategy for the protection of the United States, the administration cheap online valium created the Office of National Security, cheap online valium coordinates the efforts of detection, preparation, prevention, protection, cheap online valium and recovery of terrorist attacks in the United States.

One of the main initiatives of digital panoptismo of the administration of president Bush is the Terrorism Information Awareness (AUNT) - in a principle was denominated Total Information Awareness System (AUNTS) -,8 That project is in charge of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency cheap online valium Information Awarness Office (DARPA), and the direct person in charge is distant admiral John Poindexter.9 By means of an get valium online network of advanced equipment of calculation, get valium online networks, data bases and biometric equipment, AUNT allows to integrate all the information that the organisms of security of the United States require to realise functions of digital panoptismo.

The government of president Bush wishes to extend his advanced systems of digital panoptismo beyond the cheap online valium States. One of the initiatives to obtain that intention is system CAPPS II (Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-Screening or Preinspección de Pasajeros Computer-assisted). In addition, cheap online valium companies like ChoicePoint, the government of the United States has acquired data bases of other governments.

System CAPPS get valium online to operate in 1998, from the terrorist attacks that were registered in the Olympic Games of Atlanta, in 1996, and of the tragic outcome of TWA flight 800, which, the 17 of 1996 July, valium drug test crashed in the Pacific Ocean. Then one affirmed that the accident was consequence of some mechanical flaw. Nevertheless, in agreement with new evidences it is possible supposition that the airplane could be demolished by a missile antiaéreo.10

System CAPPS I used the information that stored the airlines when registering to the passengers, which basically included/understood data of the realised trips. In agreement with information published in the WWW site of Transportation Security Administration (TSA), in system CAPPS II they have gotten up cheap online valium greater number of variables, and through CAPPS II it is possible to have access to commercial data bases, which concentrate information that definitively it admits to be considered like private, because it includes financial statements of the passengers, medical files, information who have stored the insurance agencies, et cetera. The first airline that began to use system CAPPS II was Delta Airlines.

For some years, through some governmental institutions and with the collaboration of certain companies that can valium drug test a useful contribution to the fight against the international terrorism, the government of the United States has begun to collect all the data that he considers necessary to integrate profiles (you procase out) 11 of the get valium online of other countries that frequently are used to traveling to the United States.

Saturday 12 of April of 2003, Associated Press agency (the United States) revealed that the ChoicePoint12 company bought the electoral register of the Mexican United States. A valium drug test of the referred company also affirmed that they valium drug test the registries of licenses to lead of six million inhabitants of the cheap online valium District. That way, whereas in the United States the ChoicePoint company sells to that asks for information contained in the Mexican electoral register, in Mexico those data are considered by law like confidential.

Between the main clients of ChoicePoint are federal agencies, state and local of the United valium drug test the Bureau Federal of Investigation (FBI), valium drug test Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the U.S. Inmigration & Naturalization Service (INS).

Between the companies that collaborate with ChoicePoint in the development of the Center for the Social and Legal Investigation (Social for Center & Legal Research) cheap online valium figure. In the referred center investigations regarding the cheap online valium public and the use responsible for the information valium drug test realised. Besides Microsoft, other 18 companies collaborate with the activities that are realised in the referred center. Between those companies valium drug test are: American Expresss, Citigroup, America Online, Bell Atlantic, CyberCash, IBM, MCI Communications, News Corporation, Internet Alliance. cheap online valium center is in charge of the Dr. Alan F. Westin, emérito professor of Columbia University.

What interest get valium online have the government of the United States in the information contained in the Electoral Register of the Mexican United States, and in the registries of licenses to lead of six million inhabitants of the Federal District. In the Uniting document an Strengthening America by Providing Appropiate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism - known as the USA Patrotic Act- it is possible to find the answer. By the way, in the site WWW cheap online valium ChoicePoint, the section Products and Services, and within the heading Financial Solutions, are possible to find a peculiar section: U.S. Patriot Act Compliance.

Conclusion
In the complexity of our strange days, the same technologies of information and communications valium drug test allow to encourage to positive hopes in the valium drug test of the society of the information and the knowledge, simultaneously act as of control, monitoring and punishment (digital valium drug test in formation social in which the authoritarianism cheap online valium The formidable development of the TIC cheap online valium necessarily will improve our quality of citizen life. The future he remains uncertain.


Notes:

2 World-wide Summit on valium drug test valium drug test of the Information. A society of the information for all and an opportunity so that all are pronounced. Union the International of Telecomunicaciones (UIT). In < http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2003/NP03-es.html >. Date of consultation: 30 of December, 2003.
3 In valium drug test with United Nations, the antecedents of the World-wide Summit on the valium drug test of the Information are the following:

Resolution 73 of the Conference cheap online valium Plenipotentiary of the valium drug test (Minneapolis, 1998) valium drug test to order to the Secretary valium drug test of the ITU to register get valium online the daily routine of the Administrative Committee of Coordination (MILLRACE, now Together of Jefes Ejecutivos (JJE) of the system of the United Nations), that happened to denominate itself Together of Executive Heads of the System of the United Nations for Coordinación (CEB), the question of the celebration of a World-wide Summit over the Society of the Information, and to inform to the directive being of the ITU, the Council, on the results of this consultation. The Secretary General indicated in his Report to the session of the Council of 1999, who the MILLRACE had a cheap online valium feedback and that the majority of the cheap online valium organizations and organisms expressed interest in being associated with the preparation and celebration of the Summit. He was decided that the Summit would be celebrated under the auspice of the General Secretariat of the UN, and that the ITU would assume the main intervention in the preparations. In 2001, the Council of the ITU decided to celebrate a Summit in two stages, first in Geneva (Switzerland), from the 10 to the 12 of December of 2003, and second in Tunisia (Tunisia), from the 16 to the 18 of November of 2005. In Resolution 56/183 of the General Assembly of the United Nations the frame of the Summit adopted by the Council of the ITU as well as the main function of the Union in the Summit and its preparatory process was approved, in cooperation with other interested associated organizations and. Resolution 56/183 of get valium online General cheap online valium get valium online valium drug test United valium drug test recommends that the preparations are in charge of the cheap online valium to an valium drug test Preparatory Committee of abierta composition, that will establish the program of the Summit, will decide the modalities of participation of others interested in the Summit valium drug test will conclude the writing of the declaration get valium online and the project of action plan. It is invited to the cheap online valium to assume main the administrative function of the cheap online valium Secretariat of the Summit and, also, one invites the governments to participate actively in the preparatory process of the representing Summit and to send to her of the valium drug test level. In Resolution 56/183, the General Assembly valium drug test encourages to all the competent organisms of the United Nations and, in particular, to the special Group of the United Nations on the TIC, to make contributions. It encourages in addition to other intergovernmental organizations and, in particular, to the international and regional institutions, the nongovernmental valium drug test the civil society and the deprived sector, to participate actively in the intergovernmental preparatory process of the Summit and in the own Summit.

It is seen: < http://www.itu.int/wsis/basic/about-es.html >. Date of consultation: 30 of December, 2003.
4 It is seen: Objectives of development of the UN for the Millenium. Available in: < http://www.un.org/spanish/millenniumgoals/ > valium drug test of consultation: 30 of December, 2003.
5 Idem.
6 Available in: < http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2003/31-es.html >. Date of consultation: 30 of December, 2003.
7 It is seen: < http://www.comminit.com/la/laint/sld-4786.html > Date of consultation: valium drug test of January, 2004.
8 It is seen: < http://www.epic.org/privacy/profiling/tia/ > Date of consultation: 25 of January, 2004.
9 It is seen: < http://www.darpa.mil > Date of consultation: 25 of January, 2004.
10 It is seen: < http://www.twa800.com/index.htm > Date of consultation: 16 of January, 2004.
11La American cheap online valium confers individual relevance to methodologies based on valium drug test investigation of profiles. Part of valium drug test assumption that the implementation of neuronal networks, the digital nervous valium drug test admits the capacity necessary to anticipate possible criminal conducts with base in the recognition of certain landlords of conduct.
it 12Vease: < http://www.choicepoint.com > Date of consultation: 25 of January, 2004.


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Octavio Islands
Director Chair of Communications Estratégicas and Cibercultura of the Technological one of Monterrey, Campus Been of Mexico, Mexico
Fernando Gutiérrez
Director get valium online the Department of Communication of the Technological one of Monterrey, Campus Been of Mexico, Mexico

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