For adipex no online order prescription Oaks
From 1989, the Technological one of Monterrey, Monterrey Campus, through Network Information Center of Mexico (NIC-Mexico), 1 registers and administers to the dominions .mx. By such generic adipex with relative insistence some organisms and dedicated companies to realise businesses through Internet have objected the tasks that the order adipex with no prescription one of Monterrey carries out, through NIC-Mexico.

At the end of the month of October, the Commission of Commerce and Industrial Promotion of the House of Representatives, presided over by the deputy Diego Alonso Hinojosa Agueverre, (BREAD), 2 organized the forum Advances in the Legislation in the matter of Electronic Commerce.

In one of the tables of work of the referred forum, regarding Names of Dominion, some questionings were pronounced to the fact that the Technological one of Monterrey, Monterrey Campus, through Network Information Center of Mexico (NIC-Mexico), assigns and administers to the dominions .mx ". It did not lack who described the work carried out by NIC Mexico like a monopolistic practice, and also the possibility was insinuated of retiring to NIC Mexico the responsibility to him to assign to the dominions .mx ", to delegate such responsibility in the Mexican Institute of Propiedad Industrial (IMPI).

Ma flower. Cuellar Meléndez, 3 that evolved like coordinator of the Table of work of Names of Dominion, in a four document of cuartillas summarized the proposals that the Group order adipex with no prescription of Legislation on Electronic Commerce (Group GILCE), presented/displayed to the Commission of Commerce and Industrial Promotion of the House of Representatives of the H. Congress of the Union, which they include/understand certain order adipex with no prescription to some sections of the Law of Industrial order adipex with no prescription regarding the legal figure of the names of dominions, as well as to the functions that NIC Mexico carries out, situation that forced to that NIC Mexico formulated a counterproposal.

In this collaboration, in the first place we try to establish what dominion name will have to be understood by the concept ; immediately we will emphasize the historical reasons that they allow to explain why the Technological one of Monterrey, through NIC Mexico it assigns and it administers to the dominion names .mx "; more ahead we will reproduce a comparative table that includes the propose reforms by Group GILCE to the Law of Industrial Property, and the counterproposal that made NIC Mexico; finally we will conclude emphasizing the possible repercussions to retire to NIC Mexico the administration of the names of dominion, situation to him that, we considered, inevitably would limit the participation of the academic sector in the development of Internet in Mexico.

What is a dominion name?

In the document in which Ma Flower. Cuellar Meléndez summarized the proposals that Group GILCE presented/displayed to the Commission of Commerce and Industrial Promotion of the House of Representatives, slogan the following proposal of modification to the Title Fourth of the Law of Intellectual Property, regarding Marcas and of the Warnings and Comerciales Name, to which it sets out to add itself, between parenthesis, the words: dominion names.

Article 1. The dominion name order adipex with no prescription a combination of letters that order adipex with no prescription to an IP.
Article 2. They can constitute a dominion name any letter to combination of these, equal or similar to a distinguishing sign, whenever its registry or order adipex with no prescription takes care of at the beginning of order adipex with no prescription faith and it does not harm the interests of third parties with legitimate interests " .4

According to the World-wide Organization of the Intellectual Property, in his report of Electronic Commerce and Intellectual Property, emitted in May of 2000, it is defined to a name of dominion like: The dominion names are a simple form of Internet address designed to allow the users to locate of a easy way sites in Internet.5

It performs a technical function adipex no online order prescription translation of numbers to names, and this way it allows having a friendly language and easy to remember for the users of Internet, the names of dominion they provide a scheme with address to the computers without the necessity to remember the numerical directions of Internet. In summary, the dominion names order adipex with no prescription mere directions that serve to us like order adipex with no prescription of access to Internet. In the report of the Permanent Committee on the Right of Marks, Industrial Drawings and Models and Geographic Indications of the order adipex with no prescription in their study regarding the use of marks in Internet of the 10 of May of 1999, are indicated in their page 10, last paragraph the following thing: The primary function of a dominion name is to identify a computer and adipex no online order prescription to individuals, companies, products or services particulares.6

The registry of a dominion name does not have estatus of a mark. It corresponds to him to the applicant to make sure not violating the mark of a third party " .7

He is understood by mark to all visible order adipex with no prescription that distinguishes products or services order adipex with no prescription others of its same species or class in market " .8

He will be able to constitute a commerce or trade name any sign or combination of signs that are able to distinguish generic adipex goods or services of a company of those of other companies. Such signs will be able to be registered as commerce or trade names, in particular the words, including the figurative names of person, letters, numbers, elements and the combinations of colors, as well as any combination of these signs. When the signs are not intrinsically able to distinguish the pertinent goods or services, the Members will be able to submit the possibility of registry of the same to the distinguishing character that they generic adipex acquired by means of his use. The Members will be able to demand like condition for the registry that the signs are perceivable visually. 9

Finally, to distinguish the existing differences between the distinguishing names of dominion and signs, Oscar Oaks incorporates the following table:

Oscar Oaks concludes:

Of previously exposed we can conclude that the functions and characteristics between the distinguishing order adipex with no prescription order adipex with no prescription order adipex with no prescription and signs are totally different, in attention to that order adipex with no prescription dominion name order adipex with no prescription simply a simple direction in Internet by virtue of which accesa to pages of Internet which not necessarily the products commercialization of or service are order adipex with no prescription to, for example: personal pages, governmental organisms, order adipex with no prescription military organizations for charity, institutions, of investigation, among others; whereas a distinguishing sign, as or it order adipex with no prescription settled down and it is reiterated, is used to distinguish products or services of others of its same species or class in the market. On the other hand, the use and protection of the distinguishing signs are limited a territory in particular, order adipex with no prescription the dominion names, that are used anywhere of the world without concerning the territory where they have been registered. The concept of similarity until the generic adipex to create confusion, used in the Law of Industrial adipex no online order prescription to determine the origin or of the registry of a mark is not much more ample when considering phonetic and visual aspects, unlike the dominion names where the criterion is limited the identical reproduction of the name. In addition the dominion names are a subject that is not only related to the industrial property since when trying to relate it to distinguishing signs necessarily we would have to also order adipex with no prescription its relation with the figure of reserves of rights before the Federal Law of the Right of Author, as well as to analyze to the dominion names taking care of the denominations or trade names regulated by the Law of the Foreign Investment and its regulation, among others laws. For the set out reasons previously the dominion names do not fulfill the characteristics nor functions of a distinguishing sign, reason for which at international level they even are discussing so much the World-wide Organization of Comercio (OMC) like the World-wide Organization of Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) the convenience or not to try to regulate to the names of dominion within the distinguishing signs. Mexico is participating actively before both organizations we considered by it that the dominion names do not have to be regulated at the moment in the scope of the industrial property in our country " .10

The history order adipex with no prescription Internet in Mexico, like the history of Internet in an ample number of nations of Latin America, definitively could not be included/understood without considering the determined participation from some from the main universities you publish and private, which, at the end of the decade of 1980, while some governments exhibited indifference and ignorance to all regarding Internet, and many companies as ATT and Microsoft considered that Internet never would be a good business, the universities, independently destined a considerable amount of resources to be able to indeed establish the first connections dedicated to the network of the NSF, inferring the importance that this one could reach in the immediate years, like ocurrió.11

The 28 of February of 1989, the Technological one of Monterrey, Monterrey Campus became the first institution in Mexico that managed to establish a communication dedicated to the network of the NSF, by means of an analogical line deprived of 5 threads of 9.600 bps, being satisfied therefore the first node of Internet in Mexico. The Technological one of Monterrey, Monterrey Campus established its access dedicated to the network of the NSF through the Medicine School of the University of Texas, in San Antonio, the United States. For that simple reason the Technological one of Monterrey, Monterrey Campus has the first name of dominion .mx " .12

It is important to adipex no online order prescription that Mexico was order adipex with no prescription first country of Latin adipex no online order prescription that managed to establish a communication dedicated to the network of the NSF. Our following table, made by the investigating outstanding order adipex with no prescription Oaks, 13 concentrates information regarding the dates in which some countries of Latin America established his first connections dedicated to the network of the NSF:

In order adipex with no prescription with Oscar Oaks, Corporation Internet for the order adipex with no prescription of Names and Numbers (for Internet Corporation Assigned Yams and Numbers- ICANN), organism established according to the laws of California, the United States, are the instance in charge to regulate the aspects regarding the names of dominion in Internet. This organization arose in the year of order adipex with no prescription request of the Department of Commerce of the United States, and has been recognized by the governments of more than sixty countries, including Mexico, from March of 1999.

The final delegation of .mx to the Technological one of Monterrey, was realised in the month February of 1989, and was the responsibility of Stanford Research Institute Network Information Center (SRI-NIC), counting on the approval of Jon Postel, then in charge of the functions of IANA, authority that was in charge of assigning the administration of national dominions in those years.

In October of 1995, adipex no online order prescription Postel ratified to Technological of Monterrey like adipex no online order prescription instance responsible for the allocation of dominions .mx.

ICANN, like organization in charge of the technical supervision of the names of dominion in Internet, is the person in charge to assign the generic administration of the dominions related to the territorial codes including in the list of the ISO, ISO 3166-1, as well as dominions. At the moment 244 territorial codes in the world exist, known like ccTLD, which have been authorized by ICANN to administer the names of dominion under each code. Also, 15 generic, well-known codes exist like gTLDs, that are administered by other organizations, among them Solutions Network (Verisign). The Complexion of Monterrey receives the responsibility to administer code .MX in February of 1989, to the being the first organization in connecting itself to Internet of definitive way. These functions became serious in 1995 with the creation of the center known like NIC-Mexico. At the moment it is counted on a ratification of this responsibility, on the part of ICANN, dated in July of the 2000. NIC-Mexico is regulated by the international criteria adopted by ICANN, WIPO and WTO, also has one close relation with the Mexican Institute of Propiedad Industrial (IMPI) for the development of its policies and counts on the support of an external Consultative Committee, trained by experts and pioneers of Internet in Mexico. From the 1 of December of the 2000, NIC-Mexico formalized an agreement with the WIPO by means of which the Center of Mediation and Arbitration of this organization is in charge of the resolution of disputes by names of dominion .MX, at the moment it is counted on 5 credited Mexican panelistas for the resolution of these disputes. In date 15 of September of the 2000 with the purpose of to formalize the relation between Complexion of Monterrey, NIC-Mexico and the IMPI signed a general agreement of collaboration by means of which the foundations were laid to orchestrate the collaboration in the matter of industrial property through the formation of human resources, the preparation and spreading of specialized materials, the support for the entailment with third parties, transference of technology and the specialized technical attendance and exchange of information in areas of interest for both parts " .14

Our following table, whose information comes from the Latin American & Caribbean Country Code Top Level Domain Organization, 15 will allow us to appreciate in whichever countries of Latin America the universities continue administering the names of national dominions:

Oscar Oaks documents three cases (Argentina, the United States, and Peru), which allow to evaluate if the most indicated it is than a governmental organism, like the Mexican Institute of Propiedad Intelectual order adipex with no prescription indeed assumes the functions that at the moment NIC-Mexico realises.

NIC-Argentina, .AR is administered from order adipex with no prescription by the Ministry of Outer Relations, Trade International and order adipex with no prescription (MRECIC). At the adipex no online order prescription it is in revision the possibility of transferring these functions to the private initiative. Anyway, the internal regulation dictated by the Ministry and approved the 29 of August of the 2000, does not mention at any moment that a dominion name must consider a adipex no online order prescription distinguishing (marks or any other figure), nevertheless yes indicates that the registrante is the unique person in charge by all the consequences of the registry of the dominion name. In this same document one settles down that the recommendations of the WIPO, including the creation of a prejudicial instance of solution of controversies, will have to be taken care of for the generic adipex operation of the organizations in charge of the registry of dominions.

The Registry order adipex with no prescription the USA for dominion .US (US-NIC) at the moment is administered by the Department of Commerce of that country and for months is public a licitation for the transference of these functions to the private initiative. The .US is one of less the most developed, since the registered names of dominion only represent 5% in comparison with the .MX.

NIC-Peru order adipex with no prescription 16 of July of the 2001 administration of names of dominion .PE retired of the initiative deprived by SUPREME RESOLUTION and it transferred to the National Institute of Defense of the Competition and generic adipex of Propiedad Intelectual (INDECOPI). This supreme resolution to the date has order adipex with no prescription been executed and it is being considered to leave the administration of names of dominion to the private initiative.

By previously indicated we can conclude that the intention to transfer the administration order adipex with no prescription names order adipex with no prescription dominion .MX to the Mexican Institute of order adipex with no prescription Industrial Property an obstacle for the development of the Internet and electronic commerce in the country, generic adipex well as desmeritaría present figures of our legislation that can be generic adipex to the registry of dominion names as it is the case of the reserves of order adipex with no prescription in the matter of author rights ".

Answer of NIC Mexico to the General Legislative Proposals Regarding the Names of Dominion, presented/displayed by Group GILCE

Our following table will allow us to compare the proposals of Group GILCE and the proposals of NIC Mexico:

Conclusions

In the Sixth Yearbook of Investigation of the Communication, of the National Council order adipex with no prescription the Education and the Investigation of Comunicación (CONEICC), we anticipated that the questionings to the Technological one of Monterrey inevitably order adipex with no prescription intensify:

Some dedicated companies to commercialize services of generic adipex with certain insistence have objected adipex no online order prescription tasks that carries out technological of Monterrey in the administration of the resources of Internet in Mexico, generic adipex NIC-Mexico, arguing for being an educative institution, this one inhibits the possibilities of realising a greater number of businesses through Internet. In the very near future, given the importance that will be to acquire the development of the electronic commerce, surely the objections will intensify towards the Technological one of Monterrey. With generic adipex to the sense of such critics, it generic adipex precise to understand that any educative institution that it could obstruct the interests of the great national and multinational companies dedicated to realise businesses related to Internet, surely would be white of similar questionings " .16

(NIC MEXICO) it has realised and it realises an efficient work and it is transparent, reason why it is considered important order adipex with no prescription indicate the recognition and endorsement of the Mexican government order adipex with no prescription continue carrying out the workings of administration and registry of the names of dominion of order adipex with no prescription type " .17

1 http://www.nic.mx
2 Diego Alonso Hinojosa Agueverre, Is licensed in Administration adipex no online order prescription Companies, and at the moment he evolves like federal deputy of adipex no online order prescription the eighth electoral district of Tamaulipas, member of the Parliamentary Group of the Party National Action, and participates in the Commissions of Property and Public Credit, Commerce and Industrial Promotion.
3 the electronic mail of Ma Flower. Cuellar is: fcuellar@cofoce.org
4 Ma Flower. Cuellar Meléndez: Propose Legislative Generals Regarding Names of Dominion. Proposals Group GILCE. Mexico, D.F., 30 of October, 2001.
5 the document Is seen Recommendations order adipex with no prescription conclusions established adipex no online order prescription numerals 8, 10, 11 and 12 of the Forum Advances in the Legislation in the matter of Commerce Electronic, referring to the names of dominion and the Legislative Proposals Regarding Names of Dominion, presented/displayed order adipex with no prescription Group GILCE. Document drafted by NIC-Mexico, 5 of November of 2001.
6 Ibidem.
7 Ibidem.
8 Ibidem.
9 Ibidem.
10 Ibidem.
11 to extend generic adipex historical information regarding the development of Internet in Mexico and Latin America, order adipex with no prescription recommended: Octavio Islands and Fernando Gutiérrez: Internet and a new communication. In Dialogues of the Communication. Number 62, July 2001, pages 61-75.
12 Until order adipex with no prescription administration of president Vicente Fox, the government of Mexico had shown a order adipex with no prescription interest towards all that with Internet. In repeated order adipex with no prescription there are outstanding the form how diverse institutions of education superior, decidedly order adipex with no prescription become jumbled in a company that, at least with the rationality of the emanated governments of the PRI, was truly complicated: the power to contribute by means of Internet to impel the positive transformation of the State, being understood that it is possible to use the technologies associated to Internet like principle and foundation of a new culture of information, abriendo new and imaginative channels of order adipex with no prescription propitious to the fecund dialogue of the civil society and the political society.
13 Oscar Sees itself Oaks: Evolution of Internet in Mexico and Latin America. In ISLANDS, Octavio and GUTIÉRREZ, Fernando (Coords.) Internet: the intelligent means. Mexico. CECSA, 2000, pages 4-5.
14 Recommendations to the conclusions established in numerals 8, 10, 11 and 12 of the Forum Advances in the Legislation in the matter of Commerce Electronic, referring to the names of dominion and the Legislative Proposals Regarding Names of Dominion, presented/displayed by Group GILCE. Document drafted by NIC-Mexico, 5 of November of 2001.
15 http://www.lactld.org
16 It is seen: Octavio Islands and Fernando Gutiérrez: The critical route of the Mexican cibercultura. In Yearbook of Investigation of the Communication I SAW. BENASSINI, Claudia, GUTIERREZ, Fernando and ISLANDS, Octavio (Publishers). National advice for the Education and the Investigation of Sciences of Comunicación (CONEICC). Mexico, 2000, page 195.
17 It is order adipex with no prescription Ma flower. Cuellar Meléndez: Propose Legislative Generals Regarding order adipex with no prescription of Dominion. Proposals Group GILCE. Mexico, D.F., 30 of October, 2001.