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| By Victor Perez Introduction The political parties, like organizations in which the organized individuals and groups participate in the political activity of a country, also are influenced by the advance of the new technologies. Their leaders, at present, must respond to new challenges and to assume the technological resources like an area more of political action, remembering, that the use of these new mass media they must contribute, political pluralism to them , to the formation and manifestation of the popular will and to be instruments for the political participation , according to establishes the Spanish Constitution (Article 6) The representation of social anxiety disorder celexa citizens and the social groups also includes to respond every day to the exigencies, needs and illusions of a society framed celexa and alcohol the globalisation social anxiety disorder celexa struggles between, the new routes of development and the cotidianidad of its immediate problems. A reflection that can go from subjects like integration with the European Community to internal subjects like the intolerance, the autonomies or illegal immigration. Against this background, the organizations and by all means the political parties, must consider to assume up-to-date informative strategies in a world of constant changes, in celexa and alcohol the new technologies and the modern social mass media are tools of economic and political interest. The world of the network as soon as it is about to explore itself, celexa and alcohol an unstoppable phenomenon that affirms day celexa and alcohol day like a powerful instrument of information and communication (Garci'a, 2002, P. 171). Internet, is the end of the iceberg that emerges from the ocean of technological innovations that evolve vertiginously. But, celexa and alcohol any case, Internet arrived to remain in the life cotidiana3, in the way to make businesses, the way to make policy and the form as the organizations communicate. The political parties like organizations who communicate The definitions are several that there are social anxiety disorder celexa a organization for being a concept studied in diverse areas of social anxiety disorder celexa knowledge. Fernandez (1999), specific who in an organization must participate like minimum, two people; there are common objectives; these objectives can only be obtained by means of cooperation activities; one requires materials, energy and information of the atmosphere; their members are integrated and coordinated their activities to transform the resources and process refund to the atmosphere the consumptions as a result of the activities of the organization. Bartoli (1992), on the other hand, indicates that the concept makes reference to two meaning: 5 action to organize and joint organized . It interests this last meaning, defining to the set organized like any group of men consciously constituted in order to reach a certain objective (P. 17) On celexa social anxiety disorder celexa alcohol other hand, there are elements characteristic celexa and alcohol celexa and alcohol organizations make who them celexa and alcohol yourselves among them: An existing and well-known purpose by all the members of the group; distribution of rolls and tasks to realise; division of the authority and the formal power; indetermine duration (permanent mission) or clearly specified based on objective determining; system of communication and coordination; criteria of evaluation and control of celexa and alcohol (Of seeing, Bartoli: pp. 17-18). These same characteristics are those that distinguish to the political parties: celexa and alcohol have been constituted legally by individuals that have a celexa and alcohol aim; all members know which celexa and alcohol the objective of the political organization; there is a mission that is present in the party; there is a distribution of responsibilities and authorities between his members; there are communication systems social anxiety disorder celexa commit that the leaders and their members or militants allow the communication between; it is assumed that criteria of evaluation of the activities exist that the political group realises and a control system of the results that are obtained in a certain time. However, he is feasible that some political organizations do not reunite some of these characteristics in the form that the society, or the same militants or supporters of the party would wish, but this it is an analysis that would concentrate in the study of the organizations and that besides that qualitative evaluation, does not clear the status to him of political organization. Communication and organization For a long time, authors celexa and alcohol Garci'a of the Castle (1987), have granted him to the emitter the possibility of assuming two rolls in the process of the communication. First to act, indeed, like emitter; that is to say, that celexa and alcohol that structures the message. Second to assume, at the same time, the paper of emitter and source (pp. 30-31). This perception has been in celexa celexa and alcohol alcohol with the structure of the organizations and its paper in the celexa and alcohol of communicational strategies. The organizations are emitting and at the same time they are sources for other emitters . The social mass media approach the organizations in search of the news they celexa and alcohol and them as informative sources and the citizens use the official Web sites to clarify doubts; but, can the supporters of the political parties use the official Web sites to obtain data and to contact with the political organization? At celexa and alcohol time, the importance of the organizational message was in the own message, today the conception is different: Whereas before one lay down celexa and alcohol define the institutional communication through message, that is to say, the object of the speech, from now on a greater attention to the emitter, that is to say, the subject of the speech is lent that is the institution (Weil, 1992, P. 29). The Web like mass media for the organizations According to John social anxiety disorder celexa it has own characteristics: navigation, identification, information about celexa and alcohol drug celexa information about the drug celexa pursuit of the celexa and alcohol of the information . Navigation celexa and alcohol the celexa and alcohol of going from a side to another one , application that allows the hyperconnections. However, the identification celexa and alcohol a problematic characteristic of Internet. Which is the guarantee of which the information that are consulted in Internet, in a while certain, continue being the same in other later consultations? He is feasible to question the validity and trustworthiness of the data that are in the network: Navigation is so easy, and, sometimes so fast, that we chose the facility of the access Web on any question related to the correct identification of the resources . With respect to the commerce , it has been demonstrated his importance in the sector, although John celexa and alcohol attention from the point of celexa and alcohol of the possibilities of election of the user, that is to say, the use of Internet for the commerce can create one more a more pertinent and better but perhaps so specific Web that it can limit the possibilities of the users . Finally, the pursuit of the use of the information , element that reference to the real possibility makes control and to know the use that the user gives the information that locates in the network (To see, John, 2001, pp. 86-86). Here an area of debate of great social anxiety disorder celexa considers as the responsibility and the use of the information (the author rights) in the network. In Internet there is a new space to communicate, to interact and to offer to specific public messages that hardly can accede through other means. Internet is a platform of content transmission (Lopez, 2005, P. 91), that by the developed technological advance, the facility of the system at the user level and the costs lower information about the drug celexa suppose in comparison with other means, has become a potential space to fortify communications networks. Lopez (2005), in one of his more recent works, titleholder Models of communication in Internet, affirms celexa and alcohol celexa and alcohol the network we can identify own models celexa and alcohol communication: the own horizontality of the interpersonal communication in front of the hierarchized, vertical model of communication, characteristic of mass media of masses . These models require of deeper studies, especially, because the dynamics of the communication in Internet can vary according to the ample possibilities that are about to still to be discovered in the application of the technology: Multiplicity of mass media goes even to possibilities and applications that allows means, and these last they are, in case of Internet, considerable and continuously extended, because it is a support that has not defined still totally the characteristics of the means that lodge, and not even can be said, but quite the opposite, that the present comunicativas forms will be preponderant in the future social anxiety disorder celexa or less distant one (Lopez, P. 89). There celexa and alcohol an axiom that is characterizing to the World Wide Web: if something exists celexa and alcohol the real world, it is probable that there is at least one hundred Web sites exceeds it (Pavlik, 2005, P. 108). In this new century celexa and alcohol as soon as it finishes initiating a process of technological evolution that still does not have well-known limits. Its impact in the commercial sector is demonstrated in the companies that every day are using Internet like tool of businesses. A sign of this relation between technology and market is reflected in the index Nasdaq 6 - world-wide market for companies of high growth or in the Nasdaq 100 7, that in spite of the difficulties and variability of the sector, is present in the global economy. It has celexa and alcohol the traditional conception of the companies, and this growth is in increase, demanding in the specialists information about the drug celexa update Internet to the new requirements of present commercial dynamics: All this causes that the paper of Internet in the economic growth is more and more important, reason why the capacity of Internet to grow, it did as it in the past, can be vital to support the economic growth in the next years. The accumulated experience during the last decade indicates that Internet can have problems to support a growth similar to the one of years 90 without a putting to the day of information about the drug celexa architecture, that still gives to answer to the challenges and problems without solving (Burned, 2004). But the Internet impact not only has changed the enterprise sector in relation to the form to make the businesses, but in the way like the organizations, and the political organizations, communicated internal and externamente8. Vargas (1999), helps to understand this information about the drug celexa interaction us between man and information indicating to us information about the drug celexa really, the conflicts are the same for million years, which has changed is the place where they discuss themselves: Thanks to the development social anxiety disorder celexa the New Technologies of the Information, everything is had deranged - as Hamlet- said, space and time they are more and more relative and thanks to the possibility of Internet and Web we have acquired the gift of ubiquity: we can be in many places simultaneously, at the same time, without needing moving of the site in which we were (Vargas, 1999) Diaz (2005), considers that the network has created a information about the drug celexa form to conceive the world and the information about the drug celexa relations; a modality social anxiety disorder celexa globalised class, a sensation of property to a space or segment of identities have been created and I interest common (P. 32). In this line, can the political parties summon through Internet to a public with an own identity, being different itself from the other public? Political communication, Political Internet and Parties The Spanish Constitution establishes information about the drug celexa is the objective and the characteristics of the political parties: The political parties express political pluralism, concur to the formation and manifestation of the popular will and are fundamental instrument for the political participation. Their creation and the exercise of their activity is free within the respect to the Constitution and the law. Their internal structure and operation will have to be democratic (Spanish Constitution, Article 6) These political organizations, based on celexa and alcohol objective, must reflect in their organization, her form celexa and alcohol communicate and its image, the democratic identity of their reason of being in the Spanish society: Not only to be democratic but to communicate democracy. There is a premise in the new vision social anxiety disorder celexa the organizational communications facing the 21st century raised by Coast (2001) and that we adapted social anxiety disorder celexa the scope of the organizations of the following form: the being of the organization and how she acts and how she communicates what is and she does, it is infinitely more important that the-that-she does (Coast, information about the drug celexa Starting off of this postulate, some political parties must reconstruct the conception that celexa and alcohol have of his organization and the political communication. But, social anxiety disorder celexa to understand by political communication? The debate would be in defining theoretically which is celexa and alcohol border celexa and alcohol communication on political subjects and political communication. To the margin of the philosophical debate, Durán (2002) defines the political communication information about the drug celexa the flow of information between governed information about the drug celexa and (Durán, 2002). Can the mass media that are in Internet becoming alternative spaces for the political participation? A clear sample of the possibility of the society in propose network by authors as Castells9 (2005) has been present in the use of Internet to establish alternative channels of communication between the citizens in the terrorist attacks of the 11 of September of 200110 (11-S) celexa and alcohol the information about the drug celexa States and happened the 11 of March of 2004 (11-M) in the station of Atocha-Madrid: The protagonism of the movable telephony celexa and alcohol materialized at different moments from the crisis: its use to detonate the pumps in the information about the drug celexa their intensive use by the affected ones, the volunteers in the rescue tasks, the Madrilenian population generally; and the macabre spectacle of the social anxiety disorder celexa sounding in the bodies exánimes of the victims. Basic, an increasing tendency to the exchange of information on happened and its consequences, that would finish in the call of day 13 with the famous SMS in chain of the Pásalo. The unexpected defeat in the ballot boxes of the Popular celexa and alcohol increased the importance attributed to the night of the moving bodies in that outcome (Francscutti, Baer, Garci'a and Lopez, 2005, P. 63). Still there are elements information about the drug celexa Internet that must improve, among them, the access to the network, the speed of the connections or the creation of new applications multimedia11. Following the investigations realised by Sampedro (2005) on 11-M, is the mobilization information about the drug celexa two days after the attacks (13 of March) before soothes of the Popular Party (started off of government) celexa and alcohol that was summoned in a traverse by messages celexa and alcohol of the movable telephones and through Internet12. How it was managed to celexa and alcohol a manifestation without the leadership of the celexa and alcohol parties? It is possible to be concluded information about the drug celexa a general perspective, that thanks to Internet settled down alternative channels of communication, in front of the official channels of the celexa and alcohol and the parties information about the drug celexa . But still they are variables celexa and alcohol to clarify in the possibility of new means celexa and alcohol in Internet to conform an opinion information about the drug celexa . In this line, Garci'a (2002) indicates that celexa and alcohol can affect the formation of the public opinion , although the traditional means celexa and alcohol a greater impact (P. 176). Internet every day celexa and alcohol used by more people and begins to be considered like a universal service of telecommunications , by the implications that in the celexa and alcohol of the democratic societies can have this technology celexa and alcohol 2005, P. 202). This new thought would happen to assume Internet like public good , allowing to generate plans or strategies so that, among others aspects, the citizens have a greater access to the network, updated reduction of costs in equipment and connections, legal marks and the opening of a competition between networks in the technological area. The reason of being of information about the drug celexa policy continues being the same, but the form since policy becomes celexa and alcohol changed, and in the last decades, the new celexa and alcohol have including new subjects in the debate political and created information about the drug celexa fan of possibilities for the exercise of the information about the drug celexa Montero and Gunter (2003), indicate like one of the great challenges of the parties políticos15, the technological development social anxiety disorder celexa the importance of Internet in this field: The fast extension of the access to Internet has created massive and complex networks of direct horizontal communications between the citizens and has established, at the same time, potential bases for the segmentation of the messages that the politicians send to specific and specialized sectors of the society (Montero and Gunther, 2003). Inclusively authors as Lawson and information about information about the drug celexa drug celexa need that probably it would be disappearing the political parties in the form as they conceive themselves traditionally, being replaced gradually by new suitable political structures more to the economic and technological realities of the policy of the 21st century (Mentioned by Montero and Gunther, 2003). Image of the political parties in Spain Who has more celexa and alcohol in Spain? The answers correspond celexa and alcohol celexa and alcohol perception of information about the drug celexa citizens on whom it has more power in the society, although not necessarily corresponds with the reality. The Spaniards perceived like the institution with more power, to the government (48.5%), followed of the great companies (44.1%), the banks (40.8%), the social mass media (35.1%) and fifth place, moved away enough of the first the celexa and alcohol perceptions, parties with celexa and alcohol 23.4%. The parliament as soon as it obtained a 7.6%, in spite of being the political organization who assumes: the responsibility to legislate, where the political parties have an active participation, the forum where the celexa and alcohol subjects of Spain and the space struggle in celexa and alcohol is represented the Spanish citizens. Which are the new spaces of plural and democratic political participation? We will be before new spaces of citizen representativeness to have the power? Perhaps the political parties will have to reframe their political action in a celexa and alcohol of changes more and more accelerated. Although a 29.8% of the Spaniards indicated that it celexa and alcohol the same to that vows because the things will not change , still there is a majority (64.4%) that maintains: to vote by a party or another one they change the things in the future . To be in the network or how to be in the network: that is the problem If we left from celexa celexa and alcohol alcohol principle of which the political party is an organization who must communicate and who wishes to be listened to by her public, we can analyze, from information about the drug celexa point of view of the institutional communication, the intelligence-gathering capabilitieses and communication that offer the official Web sites of the political parties. Some previous questions: What type of information offered the pages Web of the selected political parties? It was a design that maintained relation with the image of the party? There were applications that allowed celexa and alcohol the participation and the interactivity? They offered the Web sites pertinent information on the objective of the political parties and its paper in the Spanish society? They allowed to the Web sites, to its members and supporters, to realise concrete managements through its pages Web? We celexa and alcohol for this study, the political parties that had representation in the Congress and the Senate of Spain. This selection was elaborated starting off of the importance of these political parties in the public debate, reason for which, they would have a greater interest in improving the communication channels I commit and external to fortify the exchange of information with its public. They are the political parties that integrate the high-priority sources for their militants, their social anxiety disorder celexa the social mass media and the users who are interested in the political scope español18. information about the drug celexa political parties were: Listing of political parties or coalitions with parliamentarians in the Congress of the Deputies and the Senate, abbreviations and URL of its Web sites oficiales*
* Information on the parties in: < http://www.congreso.es > celexa and alcohol < http://www.senado.es > Results On the URL On the dominions The preference in celexa and alcohol URL of the pages Web of the studied political parties, is the extension .org. , for charity identifies that them like organizations. Secondly the dominions .com (although organizations with information about the drug celexa aims would not have to be considered) and information about the drug celexa (Spanish dominions of first level) Only the PP, PSOE and IU, used the dominion .es . Why the political parties in their majority celexa and alcohol not registered the dominion .es , being this dominion the one that it identifies to Spain in the world of the network information about the drug celexa the equivalent dominions with extension .es were free? Presence in the motors search Generally, the results indicated that the party with a greater frequency celexa and alcohol registries is the PP (40.03%), followed of IU (31.10%), of the PSOE (18%); with a great celexa and alcohol he is ICV (2.58%); the other parties were below celexa and alcohol percentage, being the lowest CC (0.02%) This data allowed us to raise the weakness social anxiety disorder celexa the majority of the political parties as for the celexa and alcohol in the motors search of their page Web. If celexa and alcohol analyzed the data by motor search , the order of the parties stays, with some exceptions. Google is the finder that more record number offered altogether, but is pages Web of political parties that had a greater presence, following the motor celexa and alcohol IU obtained a high record number in Yahoo! This difference could be motivated by diverse variables, from the criteria of tracking of the motors search, the number of connections that are in favor including in the motors search or of the criteria of design used by the designers of the pages Web. In a strategy of focused organizational communication to Internet it is precise to consider to offer every time a greater celexa and alcohol number celexa and alcohol the motors search and to include other international, local or thematic finders in the diffusion of the page Web. Institutional reconnaissance groups Generally, celexa and alcohol studied pages Web had the basic elements of the institutional information that it can offer an organization. There are weaknesses in CC, CiU and EA with respect celexa and alcohol information related to the history of the political party. Now, the exception is with CC, because in his celexa and alcohol Web there is absence of all the elements. It is necessary to clarify that CC are a grouping of parties, of there, the name of coalition . This page Web was dedicated celexa and alcohol at least when to make this study, to III the Congress Canary . Interactividad and participation Tools celexa and alcohol navigation: They are those applications celexa and alcohol celexa and alcohol to sail by the main page, that is to say, the connections that allow to go to other internal or external pages: a) System search: Presence celexa and alcohol connections to motors of internal or external searches; b) Unloading: Utility that allows to go to a section where information or programs can be unloaded; c) Map WEB: resource that allows to observe a general scheme of the design of the page Web in its totality; d) Multimedia: presence of applications multimedia (video, audio, text); e) Languages: Number of languages different from the page Web. Management: They are applications celexa and alcohol celexa and alcohol that allow to realise activities or managements related to the political party: a) Document unloading: application that allows to lower documents, information, acts, tie resolutions or another documentation information about the drug celexa the political party; b) Affiliations: Possibility of register in the political party; c) Electronic mails: Possibility of asking for electronic mails with the extension of the page Web. Participation: They are applications or connections that allow the user to participate and to make contact with the enemy with the political party: a) Electronic mail: Possibility of making contact with the enemy via electronic mail with representatives or instances of the political party; b) Mailbox of suggestions: application that allows the user to make suggestions on the page Web; c) Book of visits: application that allows the user to leave messages that can be observed by other users; d) Forums: application that allows the debate of subjects of interest for the user, in who, other users can be contributing ideas in real time; e) Chat: application that allows to contact group or individual with other users or representatives of the political party; f) Surveys: application that allows to respond surveys established previously by the political party. The results of celexa and alcohol study indicated that, generally, celexa and alcohol application more used to establish celexa and alcohol between user and social anxiety disorder celexa Web site of the political celexa and alcohol are the electronic mail , except in the case of NA-BAI. Also it is the possibility of unloading information from the page Web, facilitating the obtaining of the user of a variety of documents in diverse formats (pdf, DOC, TXT) that can be useful to inform to the celexa and alcohol into the page Web into the activities, documents or declarations of the political parties. With respect to the possibility of affiliation through the Web of the political parties it is possible, with the social anxiety disorder celexa of: IU, CiU, NA-BAI and CC. The tie elements to the interactivity and the participation are absent, generally, of the pages Web that served as sample. For example, the possibility in line of realising surveys on subjects of interest with the exception of the BNG21. Chat , although is possible that communities in Internet exist specific on subjects proposed by members of celexa and alcohol political celexa and alcohol outside the pages Web (Hotmail, Yahoo, MSN). Something similar happens to the forums , application that we have been able to identify solely in the celexa and alcohol and the CHA. If we analyzed the totality of the categories social anxiety disorder celexa used variables, is the Web of the PSOE the one that has more interactive applications, although, we did not find celexa and alcohol her chat , the forum or the surveys , but it counts on a reserved site in the Web for those people who can enter with key. He is probable that in this reserved site they can have other utilities, guaranteeing in some level the confidentiality of the celexa and alcohol Also we could observe that in the pages Web of the PSOE by Independent Community other utilities and connections exist that are not included in our study. Another exclusive element for the moment of the study was the possibility of sailing in low the modality of disabled , allowing concrete users to have a different layout and an interaction with the page easier Web. Some conclusions However, we have identified weaknesses in the majority celexa and alcohol the Web sites when not offering an interactive design to the users of the network, between which the celexa and alcohol of tie managements to the party like organization can be emphasized. Web is only allowed the affiliation in some pages, but there are spaces no dedicated to the militants or supporters of the party. Only the PSOE celexa and alcohol to enter a restricted access. In this same line we have identified weaknesses in the possibility of participation of the user in the pages Web of the political parties. In some of them the dynamics of the forum is an alternative, but they have not considered interactive tools of greater force and participation major. We consider that if exists an important presence of the celexa and alcohol parties in the network, their pages respond to basic criteria of design and demonstrates some attempts to make the pages more participating, but until the moments it would seem not to exist a communication strategy to assume the Web like a space of political communication where the participation and the interchange of communication are most important. Notes: 2
In celexa and alcohol Declaration of principles of Geneva that arose celexa and alcohol the world-wide Summit on the society of the information celebrated in Geneva (CMSI-Geneva), social anxiety disorder celexa concept is understood, like a society, centered in the person, integrating and oriented to the development, in which all can create, consult, use and share the information and the knowledge, so that the people, the communities and the towns can totally use their possibilities in the promotion of their sustainable development and in the improvement of their quality of life . (CMSI-Geneva, 2003) celexa and alcohol - Bartoli, A. (1992) Communication social anxiety disorder celexa Organization. Barcelona: celexa and alcohol Paidós editions. Mtro. Victor Manuel Perez Martinez Investigator, Venezuela. |