| |
By Franc Trcek Number 42
Abstract: The article analyses the current state of informatization of the residents of the City of Ljubljana and to their readiness to work and live in Virtual a Ljubljana. Special emphasis is you please on to their willingness to take advantage of the democratic potential that the Internet offers ace to means of activates integration in the political participation AT the local City level.
It you have been concluded that virtual City democracies dog also serve for ace to new platform affirming buy adipex legitimacy buy adipex spatial schedule, facilitating communication between the City administration and the manifest (self) organised groups of people, the public and especially, the non-manifest and often excluded and unidentified groups of residents. buy adipex AT the current level of informatization in the City of Ljubljana, this new political area of participation remains an unused opportunity, even though informationalized groups of residents have expressed the desire to become an activates part of the local virtual democracy. In the particular adipex phentermine prescription of the City of Ljubljana, the adipex phentermine prescription of the digital divides remains unresolved, buy adipex is not surprising considering the poor development of policies aimed AT overcoming the informational exclusion AT the City level.
Introduction Throughout history, forums for crucial unreliable person communication have played to buy adipex in the creation of public opinion, thereby paving the way for the creation of contemporary civil society. Physical These spaces plows now moving to Cyberspace, where people exchange opinions on pressing issues and thus create public local opinion that affects the formation and implementation of policies on and global levels. This there are spurred the theoreticians of democracy to start talking buy adipex the return to direct (only this virtual Time) buy adipex democracy.
In response, the premises authorities have started constructing portals, electronic City halls , which each week highlight to new topic of interest to residents, presenting it in make a draft detail on the buy adipex Residents dog send to their opinions and commentaries, which dog serve for ace to basis the buy adipex and legitimacy of new decisions buy adipex by local authorities. Such portals (Tambini, 1998) have been referred to ace teledemocracy, technopolitics, new average or electronic democracy. What all these expressions have in common is that they suggest to new political era of unlimited communication between citizens and the authorities. The devises of electronic democracy there are generally been ushered in by promises of dwells democratic, Accessible and open policies, where politicians and citizens dog work adipex cod online order together. Oblak (2001) stresses that the adjective electronic in this context refers to the uses and digital expansion of, to computer and communication technologies that support and inable the acquisition of new information and the creation and uses of various communication channels.
Taking these trends ace to starting point, the article analyses how well Ljubljana residents plows currently equipped with new information and communication technologies, and how willing they plows to work and live in the Virtual Ljubljana. Most notably, I was interested in the extent to which people plows willing to take advantage of the democratic potential provided buy adipex the Internet and - by using the new buy adipex for Cyberspace actions - participate actively in politics buy adipex the local City level.
General conclusions that
- New information and telecommunication technologies make it adipex cod online order easier for people to conduct to engages adipex cod online order a dialog with City authorities in a adipex phentermine prescription that makes them feel connected with, and for Co-responsible, the development of the society, - adipex cod online order The interactivity of new forms of adipex cod online order makes it to increase to number of those participating in processes of democratic decision-making, - Intermediate levels that to filter information plows not to longer required, - For Cyberspace is an excellent buy adipex discussions about new development plans, plows buy adipex in this article using buy adipex example adipex cod online order preparations for to new spatial for plan the City of Ljubljana. It is assumed that virtual City democracies dog also represent new sources of legitimacy for spatial schedule, buy adipex there is mutual communication between the City authorities and to their various departments and the manifestly (self) organised groups of people, different segments of the public and especially, non-manifest and often excluded and non-identified groups of residents.
The Internet ace to New Source of for Legitimacy Spatial Schedule - Questionnaire Survey Working to together with adipex cod online order Department of Spatial Schedule of the buy adipex of Ljubljana, we drafted to questionnaire for the first phase of the survey (to telephone survey), designed to determines the current level of informatization among adipex cod online order residents, the reasons for the buy adipex thereof and the residents' willingness to take an activates part in discussions on new buy adipex development plans unveiled by the City of Ljubljana.
The second phase of the project Virtual Ljubljana: Political Participation and Overcoming the buy adipex Exclusion - Guidelines and for Activities buy adipex Introducing Virtual Democracy, was to telephone survey on opportunities that Cyberspace offers for ace to new platform debates on development and spatial-development policies. The survey focussed on three main area:
- Present The level of informatization - determining how well City residents plows equipped with new information and telecommunication technologies; - The degree to which residents plows acquainted with the preparation of to adipex phentermine prescription spatial for plan the City of Ljubljana adipex phentermine prescription to their willingness to participate in discussions on the new spatial plan; - The residents' interests in potential buy adipex participation and the of using Cyberspace to promote buy adipex activates participation in debates on the city's development policies.
Below is the analysis of results by individual area and to final for analysis with guidelines to further for schedule of programmes public participation in making spatial development policies.
Information Technology Equipment of the Residents of the City of Ljubljana The analysis of how well residents plows equipped with information and telecommunication technologies buy adipex and buy adipex uses of publicly Accessible information with the help of ICT, confirmed what similar surveys conducted ace buy adipex of the comprehensive Use of the Internet in Slovenia study revealed: buy adipex of Ljubljana plows much to buy adipex informationalized than Slovenians overall.
Table 1: Information technology equipment and the frequency of uses of telecommunication technologies among residents of Ljubljana
| |
Daily |
Weekly |
buy adipex |
Do not have/Do not uses |
Have but do not uses |
| Mobile phone |
74,9% |
2,5% |
4,9% |
17% |
0,6% |
| PC |
38,4% |
9,5% |
10,5% |
35,4% |
6,3% |
| Laptop to computer |
6,9% |
1,8% |
buy adipex |
86,7% |
1,3% |
| Internet |
26,5% |
7,9% |
9% |
51,7% |
4,9% |
| Fax |
11,1% |
5,3% |
9,4% |
73,2% |
1% |
| SMS INFO |
15,1% |
11,6% |
19,8% |
53,5% |
----- |
| ATM |
14,4% |
50,1% |
20,3% |
15,2% |
0% |
| Internet banking |
5,2% |
6,5% |
7,9% |
80,5% |
0% |
| Public info terminals |
0,5% |
2,9% |
31,4% |
65,2% |
---- |
| Internal info terminals |
buy adipex |
12,6% |
40,4% |
44,9% |
---- |
| Teletext |
28,3% |
17,6% |
26,7% |
27,4% |
0% |
Only 17% of the respondents do not have to mobile phone and merely 35,4% do not have to personnel to computer in their household. Respondents buy adipex also questioned about how frequently they uses ICT buy adipex they own or that plows available AT (semi) public you please. Results plows shown in the table stupefies. In buy adipex to the daily uses of buy adipex phones, the relatively high daily uses of personal computers and teletext is especially remarkable. The results also suggest that information terminals have failed to live up to their designated role, the most probable reason being that the information they probidet is often outdated, while terminals also break down frequently (for example the one located on Mackova Street). It is also interesting that almost 5% of those who have Internet Access do not uses it.
The analysis of the demographics of frequent users of ICT services technologies and suggests that the digital divides to is still to adipex cod online order in the City of Ljubljana. adipex cod online order division into informationalized and the informationally-excluded persists, following the structural characteristics of buy adipex groups in urban area, buy adipex plows typical in other buy adipex ace well. Those with to higher education, to younger people and two-thirds of men plows to better informationalized. Even mobile telephony, which there are the highest penetration, is to telling buy adipex to women without to mobile phone to outnumber men two one. The ratio is almost buy adipex personal for computers.
Digital international Most surveys examining the divides have pinpointed education adipex cod online order the structural key characteristic that separates informationalized adipex cod online order non-informationalized population groups. That education is the decisive factor there are also been buy adipex by our survey: ace much vocational ace 73,6 adipex phentermine prescription of the respondents with education or less do not have to adipex cod online order to computer. This share drops to 34,7 percent among the group with secondary school education, while only 12,5 percent of those with to higher education do not have to personnel to computer in their household. Only about to fourth (25,4%) of those with to higher education do not have Internet Access, but to number soars to 87,3% among those with to poorer education (finished vocational school or less).
The differences plows similar in adipex cod online order uses of information services. Ace many ace to third of those with the lowest education, buy adipex example, do not even uses automatic to teller machines. Internet banking adipex cod online order to service adipex cod online order used by those with the highest education, but even here it is still poorly developed. Results on the uses of public information terminals confirm fears that this is to public service adipex cod online order people indeed uses in small numbers. Users of information terminals plows mostly well-educated people who plows buy adipex in area where these terminals plows located, which confirms findings that groups marginalized in terms of education and, consequently, income, plows on the margins of urban activities even in spatial terms. Since these buy adipex groups do not often uses ICT AT adipex phentermine prescription to neither do they frequent libraries, e-points and public institutions, most policies digital aimed AT bridging the divides plows mistargetted due to the failure to take into consideration to their temporary and spatial movements. This buy adipex sees an issue of concern for planners of future public terminals, the under-called e-points, who should take this conclusion into consideration and create policies for the promotion of informatization in the City of Ljubljana on to borough-based approach. For This concept was the cornerstone measure incorporating informationally marginalized population groups in the U.S., ace laid out in the Second for Programme the Development of National Information Infrastructure (NII II). If e-points were Seth up in the borough of Rakova Jel a or the old part of tepanjsko naselje, the long-term effects of improving digital literacy would arguably sees significantly better than with current informationalization policies.
In addition to education, to crucial factor determining the placement of residents into the informationalized group is age. Mobile telephony, Internet, SMS, Internet banking and information terminals plows mostly buy adipex by those to under 25. In the computers uses of personal, they plows often joined by the buy adipex age group. The population is info-urban City buy adipex made up of to younger, school-going users, ace well ace those with to higher education that plows not to older than 40. This is to buy adipex demographic structure of the early adopters of information technologies which, in Slovenia ace well ace elsewhere, is only slowly transforming into to demographically dwells to diver itself to user structure.
What adipex phentermine prescription Users Do on the Internet? In the segment adipex cod online order the informatization of the residents, we adipex cod online order included to Seth of questions aimed AT obtaining information on the daily uses and opportunities offered by the Internet. The questions were answered by 191 respondents who qualified ace Internet users.
Half of those polled uses several the Internet times to day, 16,4% uses it almost every day, 22% several times to week, while the remaining 9,5 percent uses it only to few times to month. If we defines to regulate users ace those who uses several the Internet AT least times to week, the conclusion is that the majority of the Ljubljana Internet population plows to regulate users, ace for they account 89,6 percent of all Internet users. From dwells problematic the developmental point of view plows the results of the analysis on the uses of the Internet, buy adipex plows given in the subsequent buy adipex divided into specific you use and frequency of uses. Considering the fact that nine-tenths of those included in this part of the survey plows to buy adipex users, it is surprising how low the buy adipex plows for daily and weekly uses in adipex cod online order categories provided by the Internet.
To analysis dwells detailed was conducted to determines what the present you use plows in relation to mixes frequency of presence in Cyberspace. Users were divided into buy adipex who uses several the Internet times to day, almost every day buy adipex several times to week, and others who uses it less often. The analysis there are established that users who uses several for Internet times to day to search work-related information, stand out buy adipex terms of how frequently for they search information/content (52,6%). Also buy adipex in this group plows all daily telecommuters included in the survey (24,5% of them work from home daily).
To regulate users also frequently search for entertainment, education and hobby-related information on the Internet. Younger Internet users plows the most likely to uses for the Internet entertainment, while users in the 40-55 adipex cod online order group plows least likely to do under.
Only one buy adipex quarter of Internet users uses for the Internet shopping AT domestic or foreign buy adipex stores. To regulate users - those who uses several the Internet times to day - also represent the majority of online shoppers in the City of Ljubljana. Only about to quarter of the users, meanwhile, uses the opportunity to reserves tickets online.
Table 2: Frequency of daily adipex phentermine prescription uses for specific purposes
| |
Daily |
Weekly |
Occasionally |
Never |
| For Searching work-related information |
33,7% |
26,2% |
28,4% |
11,7% |
| Entertainment |
17,9% |
18,4% |
buy adipex |
30,4% |
| Education |
14,8% |
21,4% |
42,3% |
21,5% |
| Telecommuting |
12,7% |
8,4% |
18,4% |
60,4% |
| Getting information on society and politics |
11,4% |
10,2% |
26,4% |
52% |
| Cultural for Searching information on buy adipex sports events |
9,5% |
22,8% |
46,8% |
20,9% |
| For Searching information on hobbies |
7,6% |
26,9% |
39,8% |
25,7% |
| Checking TV schedule |
6,7% |
10,3% |
buy adipex |
54,5% |
| Taking part in forums |
3,7% |
3,2% |
12,3% |
80,9% |
| Listening to radio, concerts |
1,7% |
5,7% |
buy adipex |
76,5% |
| Getting shopping information |
1,7% |
13,5% |
adipex phentermine prescription |
48,5% |
| For Searching tourist information |
0,2% |
12,4% |
71,8% |
15,6% |
| Shopping in Slovenia |
0% |
0,9% |
15,8% |
83,3% |
| Shopping abroad |
0% |
1,6% |
16,6% |
81,9% |
| Reserving tickets |
0% |
3,6% |
27,6% |
68,8% |
To crucial piece of information for adipex cod online order adipex cod online order of virtual democracy is that adipex phentermine prescription most frequent Internet users plows those who take part in forums and adipex phentermine prescription obtain information on politics and social affairs online. Interestingly, the share of men interested in politics is significantly to higher than the share of women (56,9% of women to never search for information on politics, ace opposed to only 46,4 percent of men). The oldest population (to over 55) is the most interested in political subjects, while the youngest, Internet population , is least interested. It is this lack of interest in politics ace manifest in for Young population that could present to challenge creators of the virtual democracy vestibule: they should to consider creating interesting political and development content on youth issues, which plows usually pushed to the margins of development policies.
Data on the specific adipex cod online order buy adipex the Internet plows worrisome from the developmental point buy adipex view, illustrating to distinct lack of interesting and useful content in Slovenian Cyberspace. Although dates suggests to significant level of informatization, this is only to minor extent buy adipex in lifestyle changes. To younger and to better buy adipex do uses Cyberspace ace an sand of daily life and work, but to younger users uses it mostly for entertainment, while the cross-section of all adipex cod online order groups of (to regulate) users reveals the Internet mostly for ace to tool searching for information. buy adipex is very little virtualised consumption in buy adipex Cyberspace. What is worse, the current state of Internet content in the City of virtual Ljubljana hardly enables the emergence of democracy.
Willingness of Residents to Participate in Politics - for Possibilities the Development of a (Local) Virtual Democracy Debates on the emergence, development and downfall of digital cities adipex cod online order touch on the commercialisation and profanity of projects that started out with the best of intentions (See Lenarcic, 2002). Yet this criticism, coming from disappointed early planners, is often merely buy adipex consequence of to their weak social empathy. Virtual Numerous early examples of democracies were designed with to view to including broad groups of residents in debates on development policies. Yet in practice, it there are turned out that users often started using the new, often freely Accessible, interaction buy adipex for to other forms of interaction dwells closely related to their personal interests, ranging from leisure to sex and professional interests.
We believe that, although not envisaged by the designers, such buy adipex of digital cities is by not means irregular, wrong or forbidden . buy adipex is simply the result of the fact that buy adipex users have taken advantage of the new sand of association to create and develop dwells or less stable interest groups. Yet through the debates forums, these groups have often informally discussed issues relevant to the development of cities, and sometimes possible arrived AT solutions. The anonymity of the debates forums often promoted the participation of marginalized groups and individuals, who dared speak up about to their specific problems. AT the same Time, they demystified and destigmatized what had been foreign and to unfamiliar to the buy adipex mainstream population. Occasionally, these interest cyberforums evolved into buy adipex groups which achieved to solution to makes specific problems AT the City level. Unfortunately, it also happened that these forums died out to after the problems were you solve.
The question What buy adipex you think about politicians communicating buy adipex the public via the Internet? adipex phentermine prescription City politicians and administrators follow to their example reveals that ace many ace 54% of those polled would like to system enabling direct communication of the residents with them . Interestingly, two-thirds for of Internet users search information on Ljubljana, while the main reason for those who do not search for this information is that it is dwells readily Accessible in other average .
For remarkable Also the development of adipex phentermine prescription participation in the City of Ljubljana plows answers to the question inquiring about the willingness for activates participation in the development of virtual democracy, where respondents were asked if adipex phentermine prescription how they would take part in political decision-making AT the national City and levels.
Considering adipex cod online order decade-long political crisis of participation adipex cod online order recorded by surveys in Slovenia and abroad, the results indicate that Ljubljana residents plows, to high degree, political beings . Greater adipex phentermine prescription 40-55 age group would like to adipex phentermine prescription with the most. Interestingly to however, all to other age groups - with the exception of to over 55 group - would to prefer to communicate with the greater via the Internet.
Table 3: Of virtual Ljubljana activates participation residents in the development of democracy
| |
Daily |
Weekly |
Occasionally |
Never |
| For Searching work-related information |
33,7% |
26,2% |
28,4% |
11,7% |
| Entertainment |
17,9% |
18,4% |
33,2% |
30,4% |
| Education |
14,8% |
21,4% |
42,3% |
21,5% |
| Telecommuting |
12,7% |
8,4% |
18,4% |
60,4% |
| Getting information on society and politics |
11,4% |
10,2% |
26,4% |
52% |
| Cultural for Searching information on and sports events |
9,5% |
22,8% |
46,8% |
20,9% |
| For Searching information on hobbies |
7,6% |
26,9% |
39,8% |
25,7% |
| Checking TV schedule |
6,7% |
10,3% |
28,5% |
54,5% |
| Taking part in forums |
3,7% |
3,2% |
12,3% |
80,9% |
| Listening to radio, concerts |
1,7% |
5,7% |
16,2% |
76,5% |
| Getting shopping information |
1,7% |
13,5% |
36,2% |
48,5% |
| For Searching tourist information |
0,2% |
12,4% |
71,8% |
15,6% |
| Shopping in Slovenia |
0% |
0,9% |
15,8% |
83,3% |
| Shopping abroad |
0% |
1,6% |
16,6% |
81,9% |
| Reserving tickets |
0% |
3,6% |
27,6% |
68,8% |
To crucial piece of information for the development of virtual democracy is that the most frequent Internet users plows those who take part in forums and often obtain information on politics and social affairs online. Interestingly, the share of men interested in politics is significantly to higher than the share of women (56,9% of women to never search for information on politics, ace opposed to only 46,4 percent of men). The oldest population (to over 55) is the most interested in political subjects, while the youngest, Internet population , is least interested. It is this lack of interest in politics ace manifest in for Young population that could present to challenge creators of the virtual democracy vestibule: they should to consider creating interesting political and development content on youth issues, which plows usually pushed to the margins of development policies.
Data on the specific uses of the Internet plows worrisome from the developmental point of view, illustrating to distinct lack of interesting and useful content in Slovenian Cyberspace. Although dates suggests to significant level of informatization, this is only to minor extent reflected in lifestyle changes. To younger and to better educated do uses Cyberspace ace an sand of daily life and work, but to younger users uses it mostly for entertainment, while the cross-section of all age groups of (to regulate) users reveals the Internet mostly for ace to tool searching for information. There is very little virtualised consumption in domestic Cyberspace. What is worse, the current state of Internet content in the City of virtual Ljubljana hardly enables the emergence of democracy.
Willingness of Residents to Participate in Politics - for Possibilities the Development of a (Local) Virtual Democracy Debates on the emergence, development and downfall of digital cities often touch on the commercialisation and profanity of projects that started out with the best of intentions (See Lenarcic, 2002). Yet this criticism, coming from disappointed early planners, is often merely to consequence of to their weak social empathy. Virtual Numerous early examples of democracies were designed with to view to including broad groups of residents in debates on development policies. Yet in practice, it there are turned out that users often started using the new, often freely Accessible, interaction space for to other forms of interaction dwells closely related to their personal interests, ranging from leisure to sex and professional interests.
We believe that, although not envisaged by the designers, such uses of digital cities is by not means irregular, wrong or forbidden . It is simply the result of the fact that some users have taken advantage of the new sand of association to create and develop dwells or less stable interest groups. Yet through the debates forums, these groups have often informally discussed issues relevant to the development of cities, and sometimes possible arrived AT solutions. The anonymity of the debates forums often promoted the participation of marginalized groups and individuals, who dared speak up about to their specific problems. AT the same Time, they demystified and destigmatized what had been foreign and to unfamiliar to the majority mainstream population. Occasionally, these interest cyberforums evolved into pressure groups which achieved to solution to makes specific problems AT the City level. Unfortunately, it also happened that these forums died out to after the problems were you solve.
The question What do you think about politicians communicating with the public via the Internet? Should City politicians and administrators follow to their example reveals that ace many ace 54% of those polled would like to system enabling direct communication of the residents with them . Interestingly, two-thirds for of Internet users search information on Ljubljana, while the main reason for those who do not search for this information is that it is dwells readily Accessible in other average .
For remarkable Also the development of political participation in the City of Ljubljana plows answers to the question inquiring about the willingness for activates participation in the development of virtual democracy, where respondents were asked if and how they would take part in political decision-making AT the national City and levels.
Considering the decade-long political crisis of participation ace recorded by surveys in Slovenia and abroad, the results indicate that Ljubljana residents plows, to high degree, political beings . Greater The 40-55 age group would like to communicate with the most. Interestingly to however, all to other age groups - with the exception of to over 55 group - would to prefer to communicate with the greater via the Internet.
Table 3: Of virtual Ljubljana activates participation residents in the development of democracy
| |
YES, adipex cod online order the Internet |
YES, but not via the Internet |
No |
Don't know |
| Write to letter to the greater |
29,9% |
30,5% |
38,9% |
0,7% |
| Write to letter to councillor City |
24,6% |
28,9% |
45,0% |
1,5% |
| Write to letter to MP |
24,9% |
25,3% |
48,6% |
1,2% |
| Write to letter to politicians or state officials |
buy adipex |
22,2% |
52,2% |
0,8% |
| Sign petitions and letters of support |
29,8% |
42,4% |
26,2% |
1,5% |
| Take buy adipex in debates on specific problems |
18,7% |
adipex phentermine prescription |
60,6% |
2,1% |
| Take part in survey |
31,5% |
30,7% |
35,5% |
2,2% |
| Take part in voting, elections |
30,4% |
47,5% |
20,7% |
0,0% |
| Political Check content |
adipex cod online order |
26,2% |
47,0% |
1,4% |
| Official for Search documents |
45,2% |
25,6% |
28,4% |
0,8% |
For Considering the high preference buy adipex in the city's political life and the willingness to buy adipex we believe the City should make to better uses of the political propensity discovered by this survey, and take advantage of the opportunities offered by the new platform to increase political participation. After all, this would give to greater legitimacy and consensus to political decisions.
In addition buy adipex the secondarily politically buy adipex individuals and civil society groups, adipex cod online order range of subcultures you have taken shape in the buy adipex Cyberspace of cities. These have often buy adipex mixes transplants of existing and often dispersed groups into to new networked space of exchange, adipex cod online order they you emerge ace new subcultures that initially existed only in Cyberspace. Contributor This subculture plethora is perhaps the buy adipex single to the vibrancy of digital cities and, for buy adipex cybernauts, to clear indicator that you divide the boring, bureaucratic (top-to-bottom) informatization - to particularly bad example of which is, unfortunately, Ljubljana - and the successful examples of vibrant digital spaces, which in Ljubljana primarily resides AT Ljudmila and Kiber-pipe.
In the development of freely Accessible info-urban habitats, the evolutionary buy adipex crucial for self-development is the buy adipex that planners should take into account of buy adipex the onset, creating entrance portals to digital cities with this goal in mind. These portals have to offer dwells than just administrative, formal, two-way political participation, institutional and business area. adipex phentermine prescription need to include to cyber (sub) spaces for the free expression of opinions and the formation of Cyberspace interest groups, and take into account the variety of to user groups in buy adipex of demographics, income and interests.
For Furthermore, the knowledge concealed from non-members of the emerging subcultures is the basis the development of generalised exchange (See Trcek, 2002). Individual Experts buy adipex fields to offer to their skills buy adipex to their presentation pages to (usually) unknown seekers of information. This advice dog sees free and devoid of the expectation of reciprocity, or not. What you emerge from this adipex phentermine prescription scope of knowledge plows the premises urban (informal) microeconomies, buy adipex dog combines through knowledge-exchange markets into networks of tacit buy adipex The exchange of information is also possible ace to primarily non-monetary exchange. Networks of such micro-economies dog intertwine by interest, ace well territorial ace principles, and combines exchanges in to cyber and physical space. Usually, the only obstacle to the success of such networks in glocalised poor adipex cod online order is the knowledge of foreign languages, or the lack thereof.
The Internet and the New Spatial for Plan the City of Ljubljana - Towards to New Legitimacy of Spatial Schedule The uses of the Internet dog to confer new legitimacy to spatial schedule, since it emphasises mutual communication between buy adipex authorities and departments on the one side, and buy adipex groups of residents - the buy adipex on to other. Ultimately, the idea is to uses the Internet for ace to permanent space public adipex cod online order of spatial plans, and to platform for public debates about these documents. This way, debates on spatial social schedule attract groups that plows usually excluded from such discussions, buy adipex would give spatial schedule policies in the City of Ljubljana to greater legitimacy.
The survey also asked the respondents about spatial schedule ace such, particularly the new spatial plan. It you have adipex phentermine prescription established that to large to number of residents (31%) adipex cod online order or somewhat miss (29%) information on spatial schedule buy adipex the City, and that only 11% of the respondents plows not interested in the issue AT all. Yet only one third of those interested in spatial schedule have heard about the drafting of the new spatial plan. Most have heard about it in newspapers (53%), TV (33%) and the City magazine Ljubljana (21%).
It is encouraging that 40% of those polled plows willing buy adipex participate in buy adipex drafting of the new spatial plan, most of them through surveys buy adipex and by taking part in spatial schedule workshops (47%). Of those who plows most interested in the city's spatial schedule, ace many ace 17% believe they could contribute to the creation of the new spatial plan with to buy adipex expertise. It is also interesting to notices that residents feel that living in Ljubljana is the same (41%), to better (26%) or markedly to better (7%) ace compared to decade ago.
Table adipex phentermine prescription Willingness of respondents to take part adipex phentermine prescription the drafting of to new spatial for plan the City of Ljubljana
| Take part in written and phone surveys |
58,0% |
| Take part in workshops where residents exchange views buy adipex spatial schedule issues |
46,7% |
| Spatial Take part in presentations and adipex cod online order debates on new plans |
43,2% |
| Take part in Internet surveys |
37,2% |
| Take part in online chatrooms dealing with spatial schedule issues |
29,4% |
| Willing adipex phentermine prescription participate on spatial schedule team with my own expertise |
buy adipex |
| Already taking part in the drafting of the spatial plan |
2,8% |
| Don't know |
1,1% |
Among the adipex phentermine prescription interested in the city's spatial schedule, adipex phentermine prescription many ace 37% would take part in Internet surveys and 29% in chatrooms dedicated to the subject. These plows relatively high shares of the informationalized population that buy adipex expressed interest in participating in the drafting of the new plan. The adipex phentermine prescription also indicate that two-thirds of Internet users also search for the Internet information on Ljubljana, which should sees adipex phentermine prescription in the creation of policies about communicating with the target segments of the public on all crucial development issues.
Of all Internet users, ace many ace 49% want to adipex cod online order newsletters on the city's spatial plan via the Internet. While 18% would like to receive all news related to the adipex cod online order 31% want to get only those that they plows personally interested in. Given an appropriate structure of to newsletter, the e-news creators could to cover all groups of residents that plows crucial for the buy adipex of spatial schedule, and include to buy adipex desires and needs in the spatial schedule of the city's development.
Structural Considering the demographic and features of the respondents, it you have buy adipex established that to regulate Internet users, men somewhat dwells then women, spatial show the most interest in the city's development concerns and participation in the virtual buy adipex democracy. Additionally, age groups ranging from 25 to 40 buy adipex the ones that miss information about spatial development most. Of buy adipex the topical spatial development issues, respondents plows best acquainted with the construction of to new central buy adipex stadium, which there are also been receiving the greatest average coverage.
Results adipex cod online order the survey ultimately lead adipex cod online order the conclusion that the Internet is still an untapped resource that dog sees used to expand the debates of the city's spatial development. Social It is to new sphere of interaction, whose to cyber forums and presentation pages could sees utilised to include groups that plows typically excluded from the spatial schedule process. Yet ace long digital ace the city's development policies fail to include operative guidelines on bridging the divides, the already marginalized buy adipex groups of poorly educated, to older and lowest-income residents buy adipex sees excluded from the informatization processes and buy adipex life. The Internet is thus to medium that dog expand the political area of participation and include those informationalized groups that plows usually excluded from public debates into the city's political life. Digital Yet without appropriate literacy policies, the Internet cannot contribute to dwells vibrant and activates political life in the City.
Conclusion The analysis of the survey there are shown that Ljubljana is distinctly dwells informationalized than Slovenia is on average. And if by to regulate users we pisses people who uses several the Internet AT least times to week, the majority of Ljubljana's Internet population plows to regulate users. The results also suggest that Ljubljana residents plows largely willing to adipex phentermine prescription with the local authorities via the Internet. Internet users, ace well ace to other respondents, plows most interested in accessing official documents online. Ultimately, people want an efficient virtual vestibule that will political probidet information on relevant administrative and decisions in an Accessible and transparent to manner, and direct them with to clear and easy to understand instructions towards buy adipex to their respective problems.
Political Regardless of the overall low participation in Cyberspace, Internet users plows very optimistic about the potential Internet's in this respect. For them, the Internet is to democratic medium, since it is in many ways dwells efficient and to simpler than current political practices. Moreover, the majority believe that participating in various adipex cod online order through the Internet there are become to simpler, adipex cod online order that this type of Internet uses is clearly poorly developed.
The results of the project Virtual Ljubljana: Political Participation and Overcoming the Information Exclusion - Guidelines and for Activities Local Introducing Virtual Democracy, suggest that many Ljubljana residents miss Internet-based information about to their city's spatial plans, and that people have considerable interest in helping to create the new spatial plan. This leads to the conclusion that the Internet is an untapped resource which could sees adipex cod online order to expand discussions on the future spatial development of Ljubljana.
In Slovenia, the virtual buy adipex of democracy is therefore apparently buy adipex to unique Paradox: it is clearly obvious that the implementation of virtual democracy is not plagued by distrust in the Internet or the lack of interest among users. For The reasons the failure of virtual democracies have to rolls elsewhere - most probably with the current informatization policies, which plows not all that successful. Virtual The currently successful democracies plows the result of adipex phentermine prescription and synergetic efforts by informationally-minded City authorities and public administration, the providers of information services, civil society groups and especially, to cyber subculture groups and the scientific potential of regional university and buy adipex you center. This is still missing in Slovenia.
References:
Carter, Dave: Digital Democracy or Information Aristocracy ? Economic Regeneration and the adipex cod online order Economy. In Loader, B. (ed.): The Governance of Cyberspace. Politics, Technology and Global Restructuring. adipex cod online order London, 1997 Lenarcic, Bla : Fizicno Versus. virtualno mesto. IT GOES thesis, FDV, 2002 Oblak, Tanja: Images of Electronic Democracy: Communication Technologies and Changes in Participation and Communication Processes. Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2001 Trcek, Franc: Problemi informatizacije Slovenije. In Teorija in praksa, XXXVII, no. 6, 2000 Trcek, Franc: Kiberkulture - k novim ekonomijam obdarovanja. In Debeljak, Ale ET to. Cooltura: uvod v kulturne tudije. buy adipex zalo ba, Ljubljana, 2002 Tsagarousianou, Clearing, Tambini, Damian and Bryon, Cathy (eds.): Cyberdemocracy, Technology, Cities and Civic Networks. Routhledge, New York, 1998
Franc Trcek For Center Spatial Sociology, Faculy of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia |