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Critical phenomenology for the Analysis of Linguistic Uso of the Acts of Speech of Exclusion:
the Nacos
 

By Victor Mendoza
Number 38

Introduction
The fenomenológico method ovulation after clomid an instrument of sciences of ovulation after clomid spirit for the analysis of the different dimensions from the human subjectivity. It is defined as critic when it goes to the foundations of the world of the life, and puts the knowledge to the service of the transformation of the men and the women in his project of humanisation. Also, it contributes to the construction of a less excluding, clomid fertility pill and opresor world.

The scope of analysis in which east test is developed is constituted by clomid fertility pill speech acts, like manifestation of the subjectivity, investigated clomid fertility pill method fenomenológico-critic.

Phenomenology that I use, crosses the aristotelian tradition that ovulation after clomid the explanatory principles not only of a causal, formal ovulation after clomid material relation, but is asked why and why, through a hermenéutica understanding.

The recovery of sciences of the spirit at the end of century XIX and principles of the ovulation after clomid as a result of the social ovulation after clomid produced by the great intellectual, politico-economic, cultural and religious revolutions; they demand to the interior of the space of the knowledge, to retake the category of Verstehen (understanding), with the intention to include the human clomid without prescription and its sensible manifestations.

the understanding has a psychological resonance, is a form of empathy (Einfühlung) or affective-mental identification that reactualiza the spiritual atmosphere: feelings, reasons, values, thoughts, of its object of study (Mardones, 95:23).

The model clomid fertility pill the language and the philosophy of the linguistic turn is especially another part of the used theoretical resources in this test, since clomid fertility pill present/display the valuing phenomena in his significant clomid without prescription and senses that they are attributed to the meaning. Although it is certain that the language is not all the human, we must recognize that our subjectivity is enrolled in the linguistic dimension that gives to order to the chaos of the nature, making it world-meaning him, expression of our subjectivity and ovulation after clomid bond with our action.

With the model of the language, sciences of the spirit analyze the intentionality in connection with the actions and the contexts of the rules of the game, we can update a pragmatic theory of the land language of a reflection on the excluding acts of speech.

In this test we will review the contribution of sciences of the spirit, mainly the hypothesis around that the scientific constructions are works sobreconstructed and privilegedly realised initially by the social actors.

The critical theory that clomid fertility pill is added to the great contributions of sciences of the spirit we articulated, it in this test like a model of clomid fertility pill analysis that expresses the liberating project search of the social world in their aspiration of humanisation.

The generating questions that define this work are: What are the clomid fertility pill of exclusion speech? Conforms these acts of speech a new part of the pragmatic theory of the communication? Which is our ethical responsibility against the acts of exclusion speech?

This test is delimited contextually by ovulation after clomid critical theory, this one it are expressed ovulation after clomid the activity of the intellectual task that faces the denied reality directly to transform it.

This theoretically means - for reasons for our test confronting themselves with the reality, and interpreting it; to know ovulation after clomid to read the signs to generate a new ovulation after clomid dimension from the pragmatic one of the language.

A main thesis that we maintain in this test is that the use of the binomial intelligence-reality, generates new categories for the analysis and the conditions of possibility to assume the human liberation creative.

In this sense one is a movement that is only limited by knowing, but what means to think that position becomes of the denied reality.

Thus then, we have in this test ovulation after clomid encounter between sciences of the spirit, sciences critics (liberating) and sciences emancipatorias (critics of the foundations), the theories and the ovulation after clomid of fenomenológico analysis like a scope of dialogue for the ethical question.

The Theory of the Acts of Speech
The theory of the acts of clomid fertility pill (Cfr. Sear to him, 93:55 says) us that the traditional conception of the language studies to clomid fertility pill one only in its descriptive function. Acts of speech like: today he is cold or the wall is white, occur in its descriptive-referential function; that is to say, the interest concentrates in the objetuales or referential properties that the objects clomid fertility pill (Guiraud, 79:11).

Another function of the language is that one that talks about the moods, ovulation after clomid Guiraud denominates touching. In this ovulation after clomid we are describing internal processes of our subjectivity that, unlike the above-mentioned function (descriptive-referential), they have to do with the touching states of I. Acts of speech such as: I feel ovulation after clomid contentment or I am happy, have like strongpoint the subjectivity in its touching dimension.

Itself we limited ourselves to analyze the language from the descriptive function or touching, we will be catched in a priori ones of the passive conception of the language. In the context of this model, it ovulation after clomid seen the language like an object already given.

[The language] arrives when the reality or had settled down, or has occupied its own place. Therefore, first the reality comes and later the ovulation after clomid The paper of the language would seem to ovulation after clomid the one to give account of the existing thing. (Echeverria, 94:67).

With the call philosophy of the language and the linguistic turn, from the contributions of Wittgenstein. Austin, Sear to him and Gadamer, initially, and later with the ethics of the speech, Habermas and Apel, among others, revolted theses on the language and its passive conception.

Ontología de Lenguaje
When we spoke not only we described an existing reality; also we acted. The language inevitably also is action, an example of a speech act that produces an action is the model of the promise: I promise to you to bring the book tomorrow. In this case, the oration owns one double structure, a descriptive part (competent ovulation after clomid that makes reference to the content and another active one (component locucionario) that makes reference to ovulation after clomid it is ovulation after clomid that it becomes. In other words, when we are speaking not only we are describing to the world, also we are proposing a type of ovulation after clomid with the interlocutors based on which we wished that they do. (Habermas, 80:2002).

The first modern taxonomy clomid fertility pill the speech acts was elaborated by John Sear to him, who maintained the thesis clomid fertility pill which when we spoke we executed a restricted number of action. To these actions, it denominated speech acts.

Sear ovulation after clomid affirms to him that, without it concerns the type of language that we speak, is this one Spanish, Chinese, German or Iranian, always they execute a restricted and specific number of speech acts.
Although we do not know the context syntactic and semantic of a clomid fertility pill yes we know by linguistic competition its pragmatic dimension, that is to ovulation after clomid that the interlocutor is requesting us a type of ovulation after clomid and he is realising another one. In all language clomid without prescription and explanations are executed. These linguistic actions are universal and are present in all the languages, does not matter which is used.

Affirmations and declarations
The speech like action, establishes a bond between the word and the world. When the word must be adapted to the world, and this one is the one that leads to us, we are in the presence of the affirmations. As we ovulation after clomid previously, these acts of speech act referential or touching a as privilegedly. The opposite happens when the words modify to the world and that, therefore, the world requires to adapt itself to what has been said; in this sense we are speaking of the declarations. These criteria of analysis allow us to make a distinction between two types of speech acts: affirmations and declarations.

The affirmations
The affirmations articulate regularly to the referential function of the language and they are constituted like descriptions. One is a linguistic position, subject-object (observer-observed), where we must give account of our observations and the factual reality is the one that determines our acts of speech.

It agrees to remember that the affirmations so do not reflect the things what is, as falsely would suppose the theory to it of the truth like reflection.

The affirmation clomid without prescription the referencialidad of the observations says to clomid without prescription how we observed the things, starting off of the budget of which we suppose that the human beings we shared a common biological structure that it makes possible the same observations to us, and on the other hand, that the speakers are in common cultural contexts. When sharing the human beings the observations, we suppose that these are the form clomid without prescription they are really the things (Echeverria, 94:70).

The previous thing does not contradict ovulation after clomid material existence of the reality, but it raises ovulation after clomid the bond with her not only depends on our observations, but also of our acts of speech, where the materiality humanizes.

The true or false affirmations will depend on the type of relation that we establish with the different dimensions from the reality and with the other. Thus an affirmation is true when it makes reference to a material dimension of the reality and is subject to the affirmation of a witness. If an affirmation is refuted by the witness, its character is really put in doubt and new conditions for their corroboración are demanded. Reiterating before the saying, in the affirmations the word is adapted to the world.

Nevertheless, the double component of the speech act remembers to us that whenever we executed a linguistic act, we do and we acquired a commitment; no act of speech is neutral, on the contrary, it demands a responsibility. Thus, even in the case of the affirmations that ovulation after clomid the referential function, to which a supposed neutrality could be given them, we will have to ovulation after clomid into account that no act of speech is innocent. For example, when a subject speech from the culture bourgeois and says: the Indians are nacos, estimates from their prejudice that describes a reality, but ovulation after clomid the same time clomid fertility pill becomes jumbled in her, that linguistic reality gives excluding sense him to the existence clomid without prescription the speaker, that acquires different social commitments, is committed clomid fertility pill the truth than it affirms, with the actions that it promotes in the community listens to that it. The act of excluding speech, articulated the criterion of homogenization of the culture, excludes to deny what it does ovulation after clomid include/understand, and only reads the world from an unilateral vision.

Declarations
If in the affirmations the word were adapted ovulation after clomid the world, when we make a declaration we generated an interpretation world new. The declaration of independence of a country, for example, gives a new world us, changes the course of history, we are creating a world that did not exist.

In scope of cotidianidad, we used declarations also to create world, as ovulation after clomid of speech we wished to transform reality, that the ovulation after clomid stop being as they were before, therefore the world rearticula from the power of the word.

With the declarations the man and the woman acquire to be able, what he says himself, transforms the reality, this one follows the will of that speaks.

Like the affirmations, the declarations can be true or false, but its criterion depends on the power of the people that does and of its capacity to make fulfill them, and that power demands to us to act in congruence with what we ovulation after clomid declared.

Genealogy of the Act of Excluding Speech
The act of excluding speech is that one that contains ovulation after clomid described dimensions previously: touching, descriptive and pragmatic.

Its fundamental paper refers to its pragmatic dimension of negation of the other different one, is the negation of the original reality in its pragmatic level. It excludes because it totalizes the different thing in the same very linguistically.

Shirley Brice comments that before the arrival of Courteous Hernán in 1519, the linguistic diversity of old Mexico demanded a common language. The soldiers of the towns mexicas to which he was called Aztecs generally to them, extended their invasions from the Valley of Mexico to the isthmus of Tehuantepec, to the south, and the north to the nomadic territory of chichimecas and other towns. The Nahuatl, language of the soldiers mexicas, became the language of usual communication between the subjugated towns that had different linguistic antecedents (Brice, 86:76).

The member being of the community of the Nahuatl language gave social to political distinction and estatus. The conquered towns whose original language was not the Nahuatl, underwent the linguistic exclusion on the prestige of the speaking nahuatlacas.

The contemptuous epítetos that the nahuatlaca community applied to the languages of the neighboring tribes, have prevailed until the present time clomid without prescription official names of several languages that continue clomid without prescription spoken: the chontal (foreign), popoloca (incomprehensible), the totonaca (rustic) (Brice, 86:90).

The use and the acceptance clomid fertility pill the Nahuatl as official clomid fertility pill for the commerce, the jurisprudence and the economy, allowed that the Aztecs maintained ovulation after clomid effective communication in their conquered territories, but at the same time generated systems of linguistic exclusion with the conquered towns, clomid fertility pill which they emphasized the use of the excluding linguistic acts.

Modernity and Linguistic Exclusion
This system was appropriate by the colony, continuing the exclusion order but now it was ovulation after clomid to the indigenous towns of totalitarian way: naco is applied to everything clomid fertility pill it does not belong to the colonial order.

One inquires to me ovulation after clomid (naco), totonaco aphaeresis, feels the weight ovulation after clomid its name, and pejorative coined by a neoporfirismo, ovulation after clomid the middle-class gathered and disclosed with aggressiveness (it is a discriminatory language). Naco is the insult that a class directs to another one, and that the same victims accept and use like insults, being able perfectly to make it like autoelogio a sarcasm of the aggression bourgeois (Monsiváis, 1998:120).

The presence of the Indian in the cities is no unnoticed past for the dominant and privileged elites. If before commons person were called to them, today another term is used that already reached root: they are the nacos. The word of undeniable pejorative, discriminating and racist content is ovulation after clomid preferably to the urban inhabitant desindianizado, to ovulation after clomid to tastes and attitudes are ovulation after clomid to him that would be a grotesque imitation of the cosmopolitan behavior to which they inhale the elites, deforming until the cartoon by the incapacity and the lack of culture of the naquiza. Naco, nevertheless, also designates to the Indian, any characteristic that remembers the ovulation after clomid ancestry of the society and the Mexican culture, any data that the Indian world puts in evidence present in the cities, is sworn in with the denomination of naco. The city protects its deep reality (Bonfil Batalla, 1990:89).

If the language is tie with the being and to this one we accede through the speech acts that the subjects realise, we have clomid fertility pill word naco represents the exclusion system that bequeathed the colonial order and its excluding structures to us. Naco represents the exclusion and the introyección of the exclusion, when own doing the process of colonization and applying it the colonized ones.

In ovulation after clomid culture of clomid fertility pill dependency, we lived the other I on modern Capitalism, naco clomid fertility pill the act of offensive speech that uses the classes to imitate critically the bourgeois model and to direct it to all that one that they wish to exclude, showing the communicative impossibility with the other different one which it is not part of the totalitarian model.

Naco is the ontología of the exclusion, speech act that denies the original culture, is a process of degradation of the human.

Linguistic clomid without prescription articulates to clomid without prescription clomid fertility pill of oppression and material operation clomid fertility pill which an excluding spiritual order is built that also impregnates the human relations. Today in the structure of the language it is continued indicating fetichista racism that it sacks and it does violence to the different ones.

Dimmed by the colony, neocolony and poscolonia, on the humanity, the centralist and totalitarian West is pronounced through the culture of the dependency in different orders, confronts to the people of reason with the guilty common people of words and obscenities that condemn to us.


ovulation after clomid

Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo (1990). Deep Mexico. A denied civilization, Mexico, Grijalbo.
Brice, Shirley (1986). The policy of the language in Mexico: from the colony to the ovulation after clomid Mexico, INI.
Echeverria, Rafael (1994). Ontología of the language, Chilean Santiago of Chile, Pedagogical Editions.
Guiraud, Pierre (1979). The semiología, Mexico, 21st century.
Habermas, ovulation after clomid (1984). Theory of the communicative action: previous complements and studies, Madrid, Chair.
Mardones J.M ovulation after clomid Nrsua (1995). Philosophy of human and social sciences. Materials ovulation after clomid a scientific founding, Mexico, Fontamara, 6° ed.
Monsiváis, Carlos (1998). Days to keep, Mexico, Library Era, 15° impr.
Sear to him, John (1993). ovulation after clomid of speech, Mexico, Agostini Planet.


Dr. Victor Manuel Mendoza Martinez
University center Right Mountain range, Mexico DF, Mexico