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By Juan Watered 37.5 adipex Miguel Lump Number 27
Introduction From the appearance of the language and the consolidation of the myth like story of the colectivity, the mediation of the experience constitutes one of the basic mechanisms of configuration of the human societies. The difference characteristic of modernity constitutes in this sense the generalization and universalisation of the devices of meaning that, jointly with the restoration of confidence networks which they guarantee the demanded threshold of security, produces a world of exponentially richer the half-full experience, heterogenous, complex and excellent that anyone of the known ones in previous times. The social globalisation, since it has come to denominate desenclave on planetary scale of the processes and sociocultural practices, is only possible on the base of a globalisation of the half-full experience. The new mass media and the transformations of technological character in which these arise, appear like inescapable symptoms of a process of social transformation that includes desenclave of the experience, the reflexividad generalized in the stories and products of the social subjects and the transformation/separation of space and time. The new mass media foreshadow as well as technologies of the experience in one double dimension: technologies of the instantaneity and technologies of the memory. The function of social map and social clock (cronotópica function) characteristic of new means also undergoes transformations that, as well, result in changes in the social conception and which, mainly, they affect the individual concept, on which modernity constructed the whole logic of the order of the social thing. Before the complexity of the present process of automation and commercialization of the half-full experience a basic antroposocial reflection able prevails to interrelate as different processes as the mestization and the identitaria segregation, then, paradoxicalally, the same social surroundings that are characterized by a transcultural aspiration (the production of cross-sectional interpretative schemes to an ample diversity of cultures and that traditionally has come specifying in the metasujeto humanity ), is characterized as well by a representation via technological mediation of the experience strongly segmented and autocentrada. The result aims towards a descontextualizada homogenization of the experienciales marks through which the individuals we interpreted our particular and collective identities.
Individual, experience and society From 37.5 adipex dawn 37.5 adipex the society strongly tecnologizada that inaugurates century XX, the 37.5 adipex media have waked up the fascination of a powerful tool in as much were included as a powerful device of phentermine adipex ionamin experience or learning. This substitute potentiality of the experience phentermine adipex ionamin been become more patent as the technologies and the market have been inserting of more intense way mediatic products in the joint of our daily life, until the point to fuse the scopes of the individual experience and the mediatic consumption in the context of initially called cultural industries . The course and intensity of that phentermine adipex ionamin have been possible by the convergence of the two technological currents that characterize to the western culture - technologies of the instantaneity and technologies of the memory (Watered down, 2001) - in that instrumental scope and ritual that we have given in denominating technologies of the communication .
In the initial context of this evolution, the conductista and instrumental emphasis of the first adipex diet information pill that its attention in the mental dimension of the collective communication focused (information in the sense of data) has been insufficient. The mediatic 37.5 adipex produce collective and individual identities not 37.5 adipex from a demiúrgica or instrumental perspective but, 37.5 adipex - and by obvious it is not necessary 37.5 adipex leave of recordarlo- in as much shaping of typical communicative processes, in many occasions other people's to the intentional control. Thus, unlike those approaches that placed their emphasis in the representation like mental process, an appropriate approach happens to consider the average 37.5 adipex like devices of configuration of the experience. And the experience cannot here be circumscribed solely to the territory of the knowledge. In the sense in that Merlau Ponty proposes (1997), although loading of cultural shades the concept, the experience sends to the being in the world, this is 37.5 adipex 37.5 adipex construction 37.5 adipex the identity of the subject relation/world. The experience, in this sense, 37.5 adipex at desire and the occurrence, the intention and the 37.5 adipex like complementary poles on which the subject tension articulates/world. From a psychoanalytic perspective we could, then, describe the experience like the place in which desire is with the world. That encounter is decisive in the construction of two key concepts for the construction of identities: individual and culture. To conceive, therefore, the means as a device of vicarious experience forces 37.5 adipex understand that representacional mental tool/like a generator of experiences in the diverse levels. And it is from this perspective where the reflection to near the phentermine adipex ionamin of means and its technological-symbolic substrate around the mestization of culturally contextualised 37.5 adipex acquires special relevance.
Consequently, the mediatic phentermine adipex ionamin besides encyclopedia and social cartography, simultaneously happens speculo and 37.5 adipex , technology of the knowledge and the pictorial and circus representation at the adipex diet information pill time, reflected maneuvers before. The mediatic mirror is, as adipex diet information pill many times it has been noticed, an impossible mirror: it does not reflect; it shows and it urges, somewhat phentermine adipex ionamin the way of the magical mirrors of the traditional stories. Whereas speculo/spectaculo the means responds, since it has indicated April (1997: 159), to one double logic: a logic of seeing (speculo) and a logic of desire (spectaculo). The idea of means 37.5 adipex mental representacional tool/, that is to say, a transmitting reproducer/of knowledge, yields thus force to the idea of means like an instance of configuration of the experience in which will be to have capacity the fascination, the delirium, the fantasy and the emotion.
By its ritual relevance and its mitogénica ubiquity, the means become privileged source 37.5 adipex resources for the construction adipex diet information pill identities. The means are not, then, only a map or a 37.5 adipex It is, in any case, a borgesiano 37.5 adipex or a carrolliano mirror. Reflecting, indeed, on cinematographic means like shaping instance of the experience, adipex diet information pill Metz (1972) questions relevance to resort to the lacaniano stage of the mirror to explain the symbolic mediation of the images. Indeed, in the stage of the mirror an objectivisation of I by means of the symbolic recognition of the own image is observed, whereas in cinematographic means 37.5 adipex or in means, pro extension can consider an indirect process of objectivisation of I (of autorreconocimiento and autoconstitución) by the route of the objectivisation of the other. In other terms, on the contrary that the mirror, the mediatic image does 37.5 adipex show the 37.5 adipex that watches, but determines its glance, it constitutes that is to say, it like subject that watches and, in 37.5 adipex way, not only it 37.5 adipex the cautious thing , but also at who it watches. That subject of glance mediatic, by opposition to subject typically to speculate, is subject desingularizado (it does not contemplate his glance and, therefore, this is largely, lacking of the individuality that characterizes to the specular encounter), a subject, to sum up, universalised.
That double nature 37.5 adipex mirror/spectacle, like in the deformantes mirrors deformed/of the Alley 37.5 adipex the Cat that Inclán Valley immortalized in Lights of adipex diet information pill constitutes the nucleus of the relation between the concepts of kidnapping of the 37.5 adipex and mediation of the experience (Giddens, 1995:185 and stes.) that will be to be crucial in our understanding from the relation between mass media and social dynamics in the beginning from the 21st century. If something generically characterizes to modernity this is a singular constitution, first, and a characteristic management, later, of the individual and collective experience that, not in vain, has promoted exponentially the birth and development of mass media in its expressions procedural (social uses of the communication) and instruments (technologies of the communication). If we can understand the modern society like the society of the individuals (Elias, 1990) it is not difficult to conclude that the management and control systems of the experience acquire a psychological importance, political, economic and cultural of first order. The history of the modern societies is, more than ever, the history of its devices of management and control of the experience. With the restoration of the individual like axis of the understanding of the social thing, the modern societies explode in a universe of interacting identities in which the name and the named thing supplant to the cause and the effect; where, to sum up, the sense takes the place from the function.
It does not seem, in this respect, accidental that the own Giddens (Ibid, 33 and stes.) identifies the generalized institutional reflexividad like one of adipex diet information pill distinctive characteristics of the complexity characteristic of the modern societies. The same happens with Luhmann (1998). For adipex diet information pill in a general sense, the complexity of the modern society is resembled an infinite crossing of mirrors, a dialogue luck through what they are constructed and they coordinated multitude of inter-institutional or interindividual stories (reflected). The action of any 37.5 adipex subject is constituted from and constituted images of the other social subjects and evaluations of the foreseeable consequences. Each social subject (institutional, collective or individual) constructs its identity from and for the selection of those actions of the other social subjects that are excellent for their operation or organization. Against this background, the luhmanniana notion of system seems to be located in some intermediate point between the institution and the abstract system of Giddens.
In diverse senses, but until certain point complementary, as much 37.5 adipex Luhmann as for Giddens the modern society the very complex 37.5 adipex built the framework for of reflected relations is characterized by the regulation of the self-production. For both authors, in 37.5 adipex the problem of the risk and its tactical solution, the security, through confidence networks, characterize the dynamism 37.5 adipex the modern societies, in permanent flight forwards in which 37.5 adipex has called suggestively the colonization of the future (1995: 185). A society in which the future he is systematically 37.5 adipex like scope of contrafácticas possibilities (Ibid.) and where, in addition, 37.5 adipex patent the interrelation on global scale, must 37.5 adipex much solve levels of uncertainty on individual scale as to 37.5 adipex scale never reached at other times.
The management of adipex diet information pill uncertainty From century XVIII the initial structure phentermine adipex ionamin the modern societies articulates around the 37.5 adipex processes, thus giving place to 37.5 adipex progressive economización of the social world (Dumont, 1987; Dupuy, 1998) whose epistemic slope conjugated rationalism, idealismo and functionalism and whose distinctive operation was the distribution of the wealth and the structuring of the production (Beck, 1998). Nevertheless, the result of the progressive functional differentiation in the pointed line has not produced a greater control: the promises of security and calm prosperity whereupon the politicalization of the knowledge was legitimized and the automation of the policy has ended at the generation of numerous spheres of risk: from the labor scope to the feeding, from the natural surroundings to the spheres of the intimate life, the risk appears like an ubiquitous consequence, 37.5 adipex on the lookout, of the technological and social adipex diet information pill The own idea of progress like functional myth (before original) of the modern societies constitutes a symptom of the rationalism/instrumental idealismo at which it ends what in other texts we have denominated epistemologies of the production (Gutiérrez and Aguado, 2001). We live, then, in words of Beck (1998), in the society of the risk: phentermine adipex ionamin key question is not already the distribution of the wealth, but the distribution of the risk.
The contemporary western societies characterize themselves by adipex diet information pill ubiquity phentermine adipex ionamin adipex diet information pill accelerated change, adipex diet information pill disorientation 37.5 adipex the experience, the ambiguity adipex diet information pill associated 37.5 adipex the uncertainty, as well as the mobility of the meaning structures that 37.5 adipex used to include the world in which we lived. In similar circumstances, all intervention generates a 37.5 adipex of inseparable risk of the constitution of the individual like axis of the social life. The technological refinement and the interrelation phentermine adipex ionamin global scale make, in addition, the circulation of the risk in causal chains or routes possible 37.5 adipex which the forecast or the intervention demands new 37.5 adipex (Luhmann, 1996b: 163). An increasing tendency is observed, consequently, towards the specialization in the prevention, identification and evaluation of risks on the part of the social subjects. The ubiquity of the risk and the rapidity of their circulation, in addition, show the obsolescence of the structure to discipline of the knowledge. Since it has indicated Morin (2000), the problems of the contemporary societies are characterized by an increasing complexity and demand, subsequently, complex solutions. A sanitary crisis like the one of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, phentermine adipex ionamin to put into play contexts of decision regarding the scope of the medicine, the administration, the economy, adipex diet information pill and the professional ethics. A political crisis as the provoked one by the attack of the twin towers of New York requires to coordinate decisions regarding the state and international policy, the military strategy, geopolitics, the police investigation, the economy in its levels micro macro and, the anthropology, sociology, social psychology and clinical psychology, among others scopes. adipex diet information pill the other hand, so often referred question of the intercultural conflicts it is, in his political-strategic dimension, consequence of the incorporation of the interpretation from the other to the forecasts about the risks generated by the actions or own decisions. In a context of uncertainty production and generalized interaction, the social systems are led to conceive their possible certainties like generating of other people's uncertainties and, to sum up, the intercultural dialogue is inevitable. To deny it is already a form to approach the intercultural conversation.
It is not strange, consequently, that Luhmann (1996b) raises the absorption of uncertainty like one of the basic functions of the modern social systems. Nor strange, in addition, that in the studies on the risk is pioneering the economic theory and the theories of the decision. The fact that the economic thing has been constituted in dominant reference of the social phenomena not it must only to the organizational importance of the structure of the production and the distribution of the wealth in our societies. The direction to the future as indefinite scope of contrafácticas possibilities is characteristic of the economy. From the same origin of the modern economic 37.5 adipex of cattle, the 37.5 adipex it is the territory of the probability and, 37.5 adipex want of one more a more faithful tool to the mechanist adipex diet information pill in which the economic vision emerges from the adipex diet information pill the probability takes the place from the frequency. The modern society represents the future like risk (Ibid: 160).
The place of the other in the kidnapped experience In agreement with Giddens (1995: 26-34), 37.5 adipex social dimension of modernity characterizes by the separation between space and time (that the universalisation 37.5 adipex possible), desenclave of the experience with 37.5 adipex 37.5 adipex its local context (that makes possible the globalisation) and the institutional reflexividad (that the control makes 37.5 adipex In similar conditions, the ontological security that they demand the social subjects in the plane of the routine character supposes the institutional exclusion of the social life of fundamental existential 37.5 adipex that they raise to the human beings dilemmas morals of the maximum importance (Ibid.: 199). 37.5 adipex the phentermine adipex ionamin of this kidnapping of Giddens experience it emphasizes madness, the criminality, the sexuality, the nature, the disease and the death. To the giddensiano catalogue of scopes of the kidnapping of the experience it is possible to add by virtue of the development of means a scope of special relevance: the one of the construction of the other. 37.5 adipex if the sanitary system or the urban warp removes the individual of the contemplation of the death or the nature, the means, besides acting, as we see, in the sense to sublimate that kidnapping of the experience, also operate like main suppliers of the experience of the other, as much with regard to the individual identities as to the collectives.
Really, which in epistemologic terms considered like the relegation of the criteria morals and aesthetic to the expansion of the coherent technical knowledge with the budgets of the instrumental reason it has ended up constituting a network of institutional processes of concealment of the experience which, although they contribute to the increase of the level of security on which to sustain the confidence networks (normality) that maintains the relations of being able, it pospones crucial aspects of the constitution of the individual identity. The asepsis of the routine character, so many times associated to insensibility or the indifference and so many other times broken by the irruption of the horror in the form of crimes, accidents or catastrophes are not but the visible product of our questions silenced about madness, the death, the suffering or the sinsentido one. The tragedy, that was born in the classic culture as expression of the irremisibilidad of the destiny, appears now in the form of an unexpected rupture of the networks of confidence, that is to say, like impossibility of absolute forecast. We have happened of the pain like product the necessity to the pain like product of the chance, of the death as irremediable destiny to the death like avoidable accident. In the compulsive search of a normality that turns the risk in a epifenómeno we often forgot that what we buried finds in the same root of our experience like subjects: the death, the pain, the emptiness.
In this same line they point theses of Baudrillard in the symbolic interchange and the death (1992). What the author designates as a mystic of the request is not but an inflation of the prevention like implantadora strategy of the future in the present, a flight forwards whose origin and aim at the same time agree in the axiom of the ontological security of the individual, product and contraproducto:
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