In any definition of State (we use the one of the Italian Marxist Ernesto Mascitelli so far), it is the legal-political institution arisen for the control from the class antagonisms, that appear like instrument of being able of the dominant class of which it is expression. (1) It means that the S-state a repressive institution, that owns means to suppress, to impose or to direct to the society as a whole. For this reason, in the vision of many utopian, Marxist ones, anarchists and Socialists the State must be suppressed. In the capitalist society, today totally triumphant, thanks to the landslide of the call real or really existing socialism, the State more and more tends to affirm like an organization outstanding and superposed to the society. It is, consequently, a distant and strange organism to the society. For such reason, in the socialism of Marx, the State would have to disappear and in its site to be an administrative machinery. However, by modifications of the successors of Marx (Lenin, Trotsky and Luxembourg, among them), not only it did not tend to disappear, but one consolidated of an amazing form giving rise to a monstrous Leviatán, to something repugnant that it deserved the metaphor of the Georges called Orwell 1984.

Anyway, if the relations between State and society are complex, plus they are it those that they regulate to the State and the society with mass media. In our case, the one of Mexico, the press is born in 1821 deformed, holds the power, to the State. From which the means (at that time only written) watch only towards a side, the State, and not towards the society. That is to say, it does not fulfill, at least until today, its paper of right center between State and society to explain to him to one and another one the social processes, the political and economic mechanisms and the effects within the population. An arbitrator luck that explains to each end which happens. I see, then, to the journalist, to the signaller, like a species of intellectual who plays an outstanding role to critically analyze the results of the state management and the needs and answers of the population.

There is a question what to do: great the Mexican newspapers have tirajes or as soon as they are read? From doxycycline online no prescription immediately another one is derived: for which reason the Mexicans distrust of the national press? In principle, the Mexican media continues suffering a high loss of prestige and consequently it needs credibility. It maintains the reader remote. Secondly, it is obvious, nowadays, that most of the information of a Mexican comes from electronic doxycycline no prescription mainly of the television, but is evident that the TV lacks possibilities, at least in Mexico, really to maintain to us informed. It is clear, provide it almost very instantaneously to the news, but it is a doxycycline without a prescription that comes solitary, that is not doxycycline without a prescription by an explanation, by the forced commentaries need that it and doxycycline without a prescription All informative process contains forts political elements, as it indicated Manuel Buendía when it said that the media is essentially information. Therefore, the media is an instrument of the social communication, and, consequently, the media is part of the policy. All journalism belongs to the policy. It is the policy in action. A political act is always the media. Everything, even the red note that expresses, that it presents, that warns or warns on symptoms of social degeneration as it can be the violence, the crime, impunity. And also politicians until those social called pages are done of ‘ ’, because in them the inequalities and the processes of doxycycline online no prescription or imbalance are expressed, that possibly has translations in conflicts, that get to shake the precarious stability deeply. (2) In such sense, until today the electronic means are not able to surpass to average writings. In these last ones we found the news and the pertinent commentaries, the best possible analysis, in this way the reader is with an ample range of possibilities orients that it or confuses that it, according to the ideology of each newspaper, the interests by which work or no. abiertamente an example, Thursday 19 of August of 1999, Ernesto Zedillo visited Tabasco. The television informed into it, as much the deprived channels as the 11. In no of them one said that numerous groups coreaban mottos of campaign of Madrazo Robert. The other way around, they insisted, with some disease, in which that one was a luck of regaño by tasks that, according to the president of the Republic, were unfinished in that region. The newspapers, in return, gave the complete information. In logical consequence, and as it affirms, Abelardo Villegas in a communication, the written media yes makes public opinion when informing with more veracity and critical spirit of the events that happen in national territory. (3)

In great Mexico the periodic ones as soon as they get to have tirajes. The director of the Universal one, Juan Francisco Ealy Ortiz, has declared who publishes 165 thousand daily doxycycline no prescription and doxycycline online no prescription consequently are the doxycycline online no prescription of greater circulation in Mexico; he does not speak of the possible returns. But we suppose that one is a fact and that indeed that is the exact number. It means that the other newspapers sell less unit, many less. What happens? In order to analyze this problem we have two possibilities: to, that the Mexicans do not read, which it is a doxycycline online no prescription reality, as soon as half book per year; b, that the newspapers are incapable to attract great amounts of readers. If the great shot, the major of all, is before mentioned, what we hoped of the others in a country of almost one hundred million inhabitants, sixty of them with credential to vote, to which we suppose doxycycline online no prescription to read and to write.

Memory that in the days on which we founded the Unomásuno, around 1974, its director, Manuel Acosta Yearling calf, before the fear of some companion of which the company was not successful, declared that in Mexico there were always readers and who was necessary to look for them, to conquer them. The truth is that newspaper had soon them and was outstanding until an accumulation of problems took I commit it to diminish the shot considerably. We see another case: the success of the Reformation, first journalistic company that from province conquers the capital doxycycline without a prescription the country and that must have high tiraje. doxycycline without a prescription the newspaper directors and proprietors and weekly, do not find the way of the triumph, is another different thing, that some newspapers decay, as it is the case of Excélsior, not to include/understand doxycycline without a prescription social evolution or because doxycycline online no prescription commitments anchored political it in the past, it is doxycycline online no prescription thing. But it will be necessary to accept that some means at the moment resort to the doxycycline without doxycycline no prescription prescription the red note and generally to materials doxycycline online no prescription enormous lightness, to conquer readers. It has, then, a serious problem: the deterioration of means, the frivolización of the information. Frequently (also due to the insecurity) the red note appears in first flat one or the Saline photography of Raul embracing doxycycline online no prescription loving secretary and crowns the first flat one of an important newspaper. The greater space, before the dedicated one to the great national problems, the journalistic companies usually occurs it to the sports, to social (that in some newspapers it has grown enormities) and to doxycycline online no prescription The culture deserves less respect, does not produce so many gains rather or no, at the most something of prestige, according to the readers to whom the means are directed. All do not have, for example, I supplement doxycycline online no prescription and all as soon as they dedicate a few pages to the information of cultural type.

Among the newspapers that the capital city account, we can emphasize the tabloides, people begins to prefer them for doxycycline no prescription of comfort, but generally, which doxycycline no prescription looks for the readers, derivative of a new national doxycycline online no prescription is the critic. The newspapers that do not give it, that does not accept the rules just arrivals, doxycycline online no prescription by little are left. There they are tirajes of some of them, New features, the Heraldo, Excélsior and the Unomásuno, for example. Incapable to assume attitudes critics because throughout his existence they have acquired commitments with the power, with the system, they pretend not to explain itself what happens. Only one thing: the reader doxycycline online no prescription not tolerate more than a doxycycline online no prescription visibly doxycycline online no prescription submitted to the doxycycline online no prescription in particular to the presidency doxycycline online no prescription the Republic. It doxycycline online no prescription necessary to understand that they look for plurality and a critical conduct. And would doxycycline online no prescription us problem to the main: why the serious newspapers and doxycycline online no prescription lack great nuclei of readers? The answer is simple: from its origins, the supeditación to the State of periodic publications is visible, for a reason doxycycline without a prescription another one. Then it is that the possible reader, when knowing it, resists to settle down dialogue with controlled means. doxycycline without a prescription well, the means are had customary to have a discussion with the power, with the State, not with the society, doxycycline online no prescription it would have to be. Of there the rejection doxycycline online no prescription at least the mistrust, the doubt of the honesty of the interests of means. Indeed, each newspaper, each doxycycline without a prescription channel, each wireless station, has commitments in major or measured minor or relations of friendship. It doxycycline online no prescription it for sure to the reader it intuits or it. Suddenly him a doxycycline online no prescription can be presented/displayed that announces its plurality, but where it is? That newspaper which does is to prove its capacity to engage diverse doxycycline online no prescription and journalists, academic and recognized writers to us, of diverse ideological tendencies. But a good means analyst knows that thus the ideology of the newspaper does not look for, this one knows itself by the characteristics of the information, its reporters and until of his columnistas, not by the works critics or not of the contributors basic.

We arrive this way doxycycline online no prescription the medullary doxycycline online no prescription the newspapers and generally the mass doxycycline online no prescription go doxycycline online no prescription the power. An intellectual of the stature of Carlos Sources (or Peace at the time) writes going to a special public, to his pairs, not to the society as a whole. doxycycline online no prescription that does about three years, in the UAM-X, a student mine congratulated to Froylán Lopez Narváez because Process was a magazine for doxycycline online no prescription town. Froylán not only made a face of malaise, clarified doxycycline no prescription the magazine of Julio Scherer was directed not doxycycline online no prescription the heavy town doxycycline online no prescription to the leaders of opinion. In the case of a magazine this is possible doxycycline online no prescription desirable, not thus in the case of other means. A newspaper, for example, has or looks for an amplest reading public doxycycline online no prescription for it requires to have a precise idea of the market. To see how it can sell his doxycycline online no prescription or put it to the doxycycline online no prescription of a cause or a doxycycline without a prescription This is possible to see it with the accusations that receive newspapers: they are indicated like gobiernistas, which in our means is logical, others, doxycycline no prescription it no longer is so natural, to belong to the all-powerful and enigmatic group that knows itself like doxycycline online no prescription As it is, until today the newspapers follow doxycycline without a prescription on not establishing a dialogue with the society, feels forced by the weight of a terrible tradition, to talk aloud with the power and it would take to dangerous ends: the diarista, the serious signaller, has the obligation to support doxycycline online no prescription work with an ideology, but it must, in addition, know clearly that its paper is the one of an intermediary between the society and the State. To one and another one it must explain errors and doxycycline online no prescription to him. The problem is that it has been placed doxycycline online no prescription to the State, with him talks because it knows that the recognitions, the prizes, flatteries and until the information it flows by that side. And it goes more far doxycycline no prescription it decides, that it is as much his power, so intense his relation with the power and the powerful ones, that can well be one of them and it is sent, as in the case of Distinguished Miguel Angel Plate to make policy, to look for one not modestly curul, but a gubernatura. This, at least, seems to me absolutely reprovable. The journalist is an intellectual whose commitment is doxycycline online no prescription in serving the readers, to the society. To the political parties and less not to feel so indispensable that only from the power he can help the nation.

Among all doxycycline no prescription means --in spite of doxycycline online no prescription shady panorama, particularly if we compared ourselves with the United States or France and Spain--, the writings conserve the vanguard and the best way to know the different problems from the doxycycline without a prescription and international reality, whose tirajes would have to be doxycycline without a prescription or less high due to the doxycycline without a prescription of the illiteracy and the strong doxycycline without a prescription towards the cities. If they are not it, the fault is not in the potential readers but in the lack of intelligence of the publishers. That like in Spain or France, means it is put of the side of an ideology or of a political party is not something burdens, the really serious doxycycline without a prescription is doxycycline without a prescription enemiste with the social moral or that uses the individual moral, the one that belongs to the scope of the personnel, for its benefit. There is first of all a journalistic ethics and that is fulfilled informing become attached to the truth. The other, the famous objectivity, is something very debatable. A precise information can have and has, the vision of the signaller, its ideology, the form in which sees the world. An event related to the doxycycline online no prescription can have, in this way, two or three ways of being given to the reader, to listening or the spectator.

However, on Mexican newspapers it falls the shameful signalling doxycycline online no prescription his doxycycline online no prescription relation with the State, a relation that has put under newspapers doxycycline online no prescription the appearance doxycycline online no prescription the press of the independent Mexico and that doxycycline no prescription today begins to disappear. From the starting, the Mexican State subordinated to the press and only doxycycline no prescription a few moments, very brief, by the way, it granted freedom to him of expression. One of them could be the years of the French invasion. Although, he suppressed it to the Empire, the government of Benito defended it to Juárez and stood out: it was his great support and support. Another moment they are the months of Francisco I. Log like president of Mexico. It allowed the freedom of expression and it doxycycline online no prescription ironies, violent attacks, campaigns to him of loss of prestige and finally its fall. doxycycline online no prescription something similar happened to him to the general Cárdenas, who at the end of his government was criticized and until caricatured by an unalterably preservative press.

But doxycycline online no prescription doxycycline online no prescription thing of the case is doxycycline online no prescription the own journalists are their better critics. Not long ago, the 29 of 1999 July, the columnista of the Universal one, German German Ricardo said doxycycline online no prescription following thing: For almost 13 years, in June of 1986, Herzog Has been whistling was indicated to the doxycycline no prescription country ’ of ‘ almost treasonous and the press of then, to the service of the government --that then it was in the hands of the salinistas groups-- it published unfolded in doxycycline online no prescription disloyalty Whistles Herzog was defendant of ‘ ’ and of ‘ treason to the institutions. ’ (4) Vale the pain to make notice the persistent idea that the press is to the service of the government and this is something that people usually repeat. It does not create too much in the average news or of plane it distrusts. Memory a personal anecdote: a day I took a taxi and when doing I forgot it to take doxycycline online no prescription gafete of the Excélsior newspaper, where it toiled. The taxi driver did not resist and she asked to me, after some hesitations/, why reason the so corrupt éramos journalists. My doxycycline online no prescription reaction was the one to infuriate to me, doxycycline online no prescription I remembered in cascade the long history of corruption and from supeditación to the government in turn, I myself it exposed in my classes of the UNAM and the UAM-X. All this means that the diarismo, that the journalists and the means, in doxycycline online no prescription do not enjoy the best one of prestige; doxycycline online no prescription it is associated with the corruption and the falsification of the information and the deceit to them to be to him of utility to the system, the one that must remain inalterable or to change at least little by little, with extreme slowness, as it shows the recent history to it of the country. Of forceful form, reading people suppose to the press, in his almost totality, ligature to the doxycycline no prescription employee of the State.

On the matter, now the director of Process, Rafael Rodriguez Chestnut grove, in an interesting and, doxycycline no prescription somehow sold maniqueo book, warns doxycycline without a prescription the prologue: In the doxycycline without a prescription few decades he presses and government in Mexico has lived romped in a plot of ambiguous relations. He is little less than impossible to need where the vices are originated that from the Forties they obstruct, rarefy and distort the journalistic information in the country: in the hand that asks, in the hand that bribes, in the hand that receives, in the hand that strikes.

In the insane relation press-government the economic, political and doxycycline online no prescription rebellious interests are mixed – doxycycline online no prescription regional or national--, that uses to average forms as instruments of influence or pressure. And also, by all means, the very particular interests of journalists, politicians and civil doxycycline online no prescription Of presidential term to presidential term, of president to president, the situation prevails: a doxycycline without a prescription who practically exerts the authoritarianism without limitations; a press in its domesticated majority; and a public who distrusts the same of the press and the government.

From doxycycline online no prescription civil servant of lower level to the president of the Republic, the governmental instances have assumed the task of courting, of corrupting and still to repress in the search of a submissive and unconditional press. In counterpart, many newspapers and journalists --from the red note reporters to directors and managers-- they have made his the habit court and let itself court, flatter, corrupt, chantajear, be put under, put themselves to the service of the government as a whole or the civil servant in the personnel, doxycycline online no prescription the exceptions of those who they are arranged to face the risks of breaking the rules of the game. (5)

What next doxycycline online doxycycline online no prescription prescription comes in doxycycline online no prescription book of Rafael Chestnut grove, is the history of the Day of the Freedom of press, a selected day (the 7 of June) doxycycline online no prescription glorify not to mass media but the president in turn, a shameful custom that has stayed to the present time. Of German Miguel to Ernesto Zedillo, without no exception, the journalists, directed or oriented by Interior, doxycycline online no prescription as if outside a religious act, so that they grant freedom to us of expression, something that does not occur, conquers themselves, as until today has happened.

Nowadays doxycycline online no prescription is impossible to deny at least that the freedom of expression exists, that is possible to exert doxycycline online no prescription not without certain risks and difficulties. Nevertheless doxycycline online no prescription agrees to make notice that in electronic means the situation changes: there the situation is more complex, without a doxycycline without a prescription office exists (never we have had necessity of her), the television is hermetic, single she maintains lives the doxycycline without a prescription censorship that the Mexican presidential system imposed: it is not possible to be doxycycline without a prescription to the catholic religion, the president and his family nor to the Army. And thus it happens, precise, due to the magnitude of his presence in the country, however, the press, by his natural limitations, has a greater amplitude than magazines like Process, Always! and the Crisis uses without requesting express authorization. Nevertheless, for one reason or another, the censorship hangs on the journalists. Excélsior exists the censorship because of its addiction to the government doxycycline online no prescription in the Day it exists for other reasons, as they have proven it a series of doxycycline no prescription like distant of Luis González de Alba and doxycycline no prescription recent of Héctor Aguilar Camín and Pablo Go'mez, censorships done for protecting to his more outstanding collaborators or to the party of the preferences of his managers, the PRD. Then, where it is doxycycline online no prescription the right to the information? They are the journalists, related to the society, to the service of her, those that they must obtain it. No publisher or owner of newspaper or will grant it to magazine without fighting.

The problem continues being that doxycycline without a prescription race of the politician and the civil servant is doxycycline online no prescription based on means. To have good doxycycline online no prescription is the obsession of each of doxycycline online no prescription and the doxycycline online no prescription of its collaborators in the matter of social communication. The State handles or manipulates the information. doxycycline online no prescription such a way that the problem doxycycline online no prescription and will continue persisting insofar as new rules do not settle down that regulate the relation Been, society and mass doxycycline without a prescription A new relation of respect, where doxycycline without a prescription presses to anybody and every one can express its positions with clarity and respect. This is doxycycline online no prescription because the function of the press, and generally of mass media, is the one to serve as intelligent intermediary doxycycline online no prescription the power and the society. Otherwise, the bad relation will survive and the results will be lamentable.

Renato Leduc, on its work the corruption in doxycycline online no prescription press, doxycycline without a prescription on a point: The government exerts unreasonable and doxycycline online no prescription pressure on newspapers (it will be necessary doxycycline online no prescription include the rest of means) by means of the calls installed public relation or press offices in all the dependencies: from the presidency of the Republic to the headquarters of Police. The pressure systems are refinings and smooth, but much more effective that the violence, that doxycycline online no prescription only used in extreme cases (6) doxycycline online no prescription the appointment comes from an old work, 1969, is even effective. The mission of an office doxycycline without a prescription of social communication is the one to preserve and to raise the image of that is titular. It is certain, in many the things are undergoing modifications, but in the great majority it is continued exerting pressure on the means, that do now it of almost secret way, only shamefaced.

The arrival doxycycline online no prescription Cardinal red to the power doxycycline without a prescription the DF, and possibly in other sites, doxycycline no prescription that it has transformed the situation on the matter. It has even been gotten to think that the PRD needs able civil servants press, excellent directors of social doxycycline online no prescription mainly to resist what they consider campaigns in his against. And they are right, but not of the traditional form, but promoting results and tasks. Giving to the means the respect that deserve, and not trying to subordinate them or to attack them. The excuses are not worth either. For the PRD in the power in the DF, any critic it is part of a campaign in his against. We agree that their directors of press or social communication doxycycline online no prescription not press to means nor doxycycline online no prescription to corrupt them to the doxycycline online no prescription style, which is absurd is not to carry out a work to promote, that is its task, the work of the civil servants. The results are disastrous, instead of effective signallers, the PRD members, like PRI members and panistas, end up putting itself into the hands of experts in marketing research, of publicity agencies. Of such form, the policy has been replaced by the most deplorable publicity of agencies that the same promote intimate doxycycline online no prescription of women who presidential candidates. The worse thing is than the desired results not always arrive like proves the campaign of Madrazo Robert against the apparatus PRI member.

With respect to the subject doxycycline without a prescription the corruption of means, the journalist Alan Riding makes a terrible picture doxycycline without a prescription the book Neighboring distant: Being all doxycycline online no prescription key doxycycline online no prescription of doxycycline online no prescription country including in the corruption, the mass media are part of the rule. Although he can apply pressure of direct way, in fact, the government prefers to exert his control by means of money. The majority of the newspaper publishers collaborating is arranged, more interested in obtaining publicity and favors of the government who in criticizing its action. The newspaper multitude of particular property of the city of Mexico and the hundreds more of the interior obtain from the 60 to the 80 percent of their income of the publicity of the government or of official deliveries published like publishing content. Some newspapers --like the Heraldo and Novedades-- they are property doxycycline online no prescription enterprise groups of families who use their doxycycline no prescription to endorse their activities in doxycycline no prescription fields of the economy. Also, the doxycycline online no prescription company of television, televises, protects its doxycycline online no prescription interests supporting the government. The relation is subtle and flexible. The newspapers --although average not transmitted them-- they can reflect a political pluralism and speak of the faults of the administration, as long as they endorse to the system like doxycycline online no prescription (7) and little more ahead, after to establish a general scene that doxycycline online no prescription very frequent in the past immediate, it enters some precision: With Lopez Opening, dozens of editorialistas and contributors they received cars and drivers of hands of the head of the doxycycline online no prescription of the city of Mexico. Many independent doxycycline online no prescription as much politicians as intellectual, doxycycline online no prescription have weekly collaborations in newspapers of the country, less by the pitifully small honoraria that to establish a position that allows them to negotiate. (8)

What remains to us? doxycycline no prescription remake doxycycline online no prescription relation Been, society and mass media. To doxycycline online no prescription understand doxycycline without a prescription right to the information and the absolute freedom of expression. The State must arrive at the society through means, but without doxycycline online no prescription them nor corrupting them. The means do not doxycycline online no prescription either to cause the bribe, the gift. A new social moral is required, one that leaves of side any type of conspiracy with the power. Finally, the means must go towards the society and contribute to that doxycycline online no prescription it is informed so that the public doxycycline online no prescription the voice of the organized and civilized, modern and operating nation, orients the course. Otherwise, we will follow into the doxycycline without a prescription of a few. The task is not easy. The mass media companies have made their networks more complex, which means that not only with the traditional power they have powerful bonds, also have established them with companies and particular corporations. Until today the unique doxycycline online no prescription that does not exist is with the society, that one in whose name doxycycline online no prescription absolutely all speak.

(1) Mascitelli, Ernesto: Dictionary of Marxist terms. Ed. Grijalbo, Mexico, 1985. Pp. 140-141.

(2) Buendía, Manuel: Journalistic exercise. Ed. the Ocean. Mexico, 1985. Pp. 17-18.

(4) German German, Ricardo. The Universal one, first section, Thursday 29 of 1999 July.

(5) Rodriguez Chestnut grove, Rafael: Sold press. Mexico, DF. Grijalbo editorial, 1993. Introduction.

(6) doxycycline online no prescription authors, the corruption, Mexico, 1969, Publishing one Our Time. Chapter 3, of Renato Leduc.

(7) Riding, Alan: Distant neighbors. A picture of the Mexicans. Jioanquín Mortiz/Planet, Mexico, 1984. P. 153

(8) Op. Cit. doxycycline no prescription 155.

René Avilés Fabila

* Fragment of the investigation the press in Mexico, a long monologue.