Introduction
The consolidation of Internet as communicative modality has caused a series of sociocultural implications. For example, the discussion subsists on its future paper in the education, combined to the imminent arrival of the virtual classrooms, they already begin to accumulate experiences to vigilant favor and against which like a new educative modality. Also, the industry of the entertainment has found in the network of networks an inexhaustible space in which it can be put in contact with a vast number of consumers of his products, as much the known ones through the traditional forms like which they can be derived from the pure access to the network. On the other hand, the rumors in the sense that are increased approximately a 70% than it circulates through Internet is sweepings. The fact is that every time the number of users is greater as much as the explored possibilities.
Nevertheless, one of implications sociocultural more important diazepam 5 mg formation of calls cat diazepam virtual - or communities of cat diazepam as a new modality of organization cat diazepam puts in contact to a limitless diazepam 5 mg of users cat diazepam in thematic, of possible preference calls Raul Trejo- most precise. This characterization a number of possibilities is come off whose limit is given by order diazepam imagination, the necessity and the interests. However, the virtual communities have shown their effectiveness to put in contact to interested in very specific fields of the knowledge - like investigators and professionals of the health or other areas, to the fans to the sport, the Literature and the order diazepam media or, to the defenders of social vindications like the .feminism, the debate against the torture, the promotion of the human rights etc.
These examples show cat diazepam possibilities cat diazepam contacting with interested in as precise subjects as it is necessary, independent of cat diazepam geographic location and of other variables that usually are cat diazepam basic for the interchange of cat diazepam like the age, the civil cat diazepam the occupation and, in some cases, the educative level. This partially explains the optimism of some observers, cat diazepam do not doubt in describing to the virtual communities like a new modality of interpersonal communication, something that stops others is debatable. From the same form, it can turn out very optimistic to denominate communities to these new forms of organization. Nevertheless, there is cat diazepam in two order diazepam at least: its increasing number and the one that begin to be taken as object from study from diverse points of view.
Therefore, given the importance diazepam 5 mg the subject cat diazepam given to the characteristics of diazepam 5 mg important cat diazepam of Reason diazepam 5 mg Word I put to consideration of order diazepam readers cat diazepam first approach to the subject of the formation of communities through Internet. The term, that finds its origins in the sociological theory, alludes to an organization form who has diverse modalities and that continue effective. Nevertheless, other two forms of community have been originated at least that escape to the characteristics than it is considered like so from the classic theory. In this article the three possibilities emphasizing in last and the their relation with the network of networks are explored. accompanied by some proposals for the construction of the term like usable analytical category in future investigations. Consequently, my diazepam 5 mg tries to contribute to the discussion on the matter with the intention of to enrich it and not to reduce importance those who has approached the subject from another perspective. To end of accounts, still there is much to discuss on the matter.
From second half cat diazepam century XIX the term community made its appearance in the sociological theory. The fact was not fortuitous; it was related diazepam 5 mg cat diazepam discussion originated in Western Europe, cat diazepam later would cross the Atlantic: the coming of the society of masses, like one of the most important consequences of the Industrial Revolution. The cat diazepam in which the societies crossed by the metamorphosis process lead that them of simple to complex articulated in principle to the evolucionista paradigm, that saw the light at the beginning of the century last with the reflections of Augusto Comte over the imminent specialization of the society and its consequences medium term. The following contributions in this line corresponded to Spencer, Durkheim and Tönnies, to that one of the distinctions finished between community belongs more and society (1).
In major diazepam 5 mg minor measured, order diazepam discussions on the diazepam 5 mg cat diazepam the society of masses were accompanied of certain nostalgia by the gone times and of certain preoccupation reason why it would come more ahead. After all, the community idea sent to an organization form in whom the property nexuses subsist. Therefore, their members diazepam 5 mg order diazepam code of values that is common to its members, that are known to each other and they lean group in the problems that face individual or. But mainly, the communication and the implicit intention persist to reproduce a group project. In counterpart, the society idea tied to a new form of organization product of the migration from the field to the city as a result of industrialization and of the necessity to work. Therefore, in the society they prevailed the impersonalidad, the competition and the loss of group identity in favor of the new construction of, with characteristics unknown cat diazepam then. To sum up, the society of masses caused the division of the work, triggered isolation processes and made difficult the possibility of reproducing group projects (2).
As it can be observed, these first reflections were not free of certain maniqueísmo that sometimes caused the romantic evocation of the gone times. Even, during second half of century XIX symposiums and encounter of worried about the course were organized in Europe that threatened taking the society. Also, good part of the Literature generated during first half of the century and the two first decades of the second part have been tie with the subject and the modalities that gradually the society of masses has assumed, in that are, consequently, inserted massive means of communication. At the moment, to one hundred years of distance, the sociological theory has caused that these valuations are clarified, so that in the intermediate space capacity to diverse explanatory modalities of the inherent phenomena occurs to the social evolution. Nevertheless - and as to be it will see more ahead, for years a new and important change of the society of masses to the digital society has been registered.
As it were indicated in the previous paragraph, during several decades the joint of massive means of communication to the society of masses prevailed. Consequently, abundant Literature cat diazepam generated that it tried to characterize the new communicative modality. There were consequences and differences of approaches. However, good part of the cat diazepam agreed in which the massive communication was characterized in series by the production - with its consequent division of the work, directed to heterogenous and ample public, consequently not known for the emitter. In principle, the proposal was accepted of almost unrestricted and immediate way. More recently there have been questionings on the massive communication and the inclusion in her of all the means (3). Also, certain consensus in the paper diazepam 5 mg these means in the construction of the diazepam 5 mg existed that the new society demanded.
On the matter, diverse authors (4) abound in examples that describe and analyze cat diazepam ways in which the mass media accompanied to the new members of the society in the process of cat diazepam of their identity, in agreement with the new requirements. Of increasing way the press, the cinema and the radio reproduced the new styles of life, their implications and the paper of this new identity in the construction of the new project of society that more ahead would lead of natural way to modernity. Obvious the communities, under the form in which they were conceived by the first reflections of the sociological theory, were not considered in the new project. cat diazepam They even spent many years so that their members acceded to mass media, to the degree of which it can affirm that this possibility has been increased at a time at which, as already it were cat diazepam it has stopped prevailing the model of the society of masses.
2. - Of the social community to the interest community
Up to here antecedent on the society of masses and its paper in the conformation of massive means of order diazepam As it can be observed, at least seemingly the term community was relegated of the sociological theory, perhaps because its characterization adapted to an organization form who the same theory relegated. During first half of this itself North American sociologists they were involved in a discussion on the legitimacy of the approach macro on the micro ones. Of this debate the arguments stay diazepam 5 mg excellent, than at present they have vindicated to the symbolic interaccionismo like a paradigm from cat diazepam the study of these phenomena can be cat diazepam some of peculiarly tie them with the new modalities assumed cat diazepam the community concept (5).
To sum up, with their variants recent plannings cat diazepam community retake part of the initial proposal, particularly cat diazepam the related thing cat diazepam their dimensions, their possibilities of organization, the ways in which this organization is carried out, to the nexuses that settle down between their members, to the order diazepam of their interactions and their emphasis in the reproduction. Obvious, differences exist whose importance is based on the theoretical proposal to which they are assigned. Nevertheless, consensus exists in which a cat diazepam an educative institution or a district are community examples. Another possibility of grouping cat diazepam that it is not opposed with the previous ones, it complements apart from which them, is given by the characteristics of the interests around which they are cat diazepam Thus, a grouping of investigators or a circle of readers constitutes community examples.
As it can be observed, the possibility of grouping to the order diazepam based on common interests alludes irremediably to mass order diazepam The first readers, radio monitorings and viewers were located in specific geographic regions, largely determined by the technological possibilities of circulation of the message. However, insofar as the cover cat diazepam increasing thanks to the advances in each means, their contents acquired increasing popularity, at the same cat diazepam as their followers went away cat diazepam in the maps, although still captured by the national borders. The phenomenon was more visible in the electronic means that cat diazepam day caught majors public who showed an increasing interest reason why they listened and they saw: music, contests, melodramas etc.
In principle, these communities were limited numerically and geographically speaking. Its growth depended on the majors possibilities of technological access. Therefore, the possibility of the physical location began to be limited and took passage to the use of other average ones as the telephone call to the wireless station or the television channel and the mail as it forms to put in contact to public with similar interests order diazepam with residence in distant points. As it can be observed, indirectly the same means were put to the service of this new form of organization. An important point in this process was the fact that the own press showed its effectiveness to unite to interested in very precise subjects. Nevertheless, it is necessary to insist on that the consolidation of this phenomenon caused that gradually the communities went moving away of their intention to reproduce group projects, to concentrate in the interests. A necessary step if this organizational modality wanted to survive.
The cat diazepam of diazepam 5 mg phenomenon also gave foot cat diazepam a new form of organization, who agreed in precise interests and left of side other characteristics of her members. The admirers those who occurred to know gradually through the voice of Latin America from Mexico order diazepam around their idols and their order diazepam As well, each member of a community of this type could comprise of another or others, on condition diazepam 5 mg to respect the basic rule to organize itself around a particular interest. Exceptionally interpersonal relations of another type settle down, as he is not to share this point of interest. Obvious, which happened in the radio also happened to the television, diazepam 5 mg of faster and profuse way. After all, then the new one half multiplied the possibilities of organizing itself around particular interests, like each sort - the soap operas, each program in particular, its interpreters and so on.
This new modality of organization cat diazepam we denominated interest community received its fire cat diazepam when diazepam 5 mg electronic means - on all the television order diazepam transferred the geographic borders. diazepam 5 mg thematic communities of interest around their precise ones, that began in order diazepam places of a city and they expanded there anarchically although based on common objectives, had to reorganize themselves to continue cheers. Now the challenge was to look for following that they were located in other countries, that would as well be in charge to do the own thing in their places of origin. The same means were in charge to spread the possibilities of the new modality that, cat diazepam as its predecessors, gradually went cat diazepam to a side the difficulties of the distance, partly thanks to the changes undergone by mass media, mainly the mail. To sum up, these changes shortened to the temporary distance between emitters and receivers.
The recent years cat diazepam been witnesses of the passage of the society of masses to the digital society. Against cat diazepam background the communication can be cat diazepam almost to order; the means systems put the best cat diazepam of themselves to offer to the potential users the best services, in agreement with their particular needs. In the other end, the traditional mass media continue with their process of expansion that it tries - among other objectives to eliminate the geographic borders. To sum up, we lived at a time at that, as it affirms cat diazepam the mass media have grown cat diazepam they have been drained at the same time. Also, the coming of the digital society supposes to distinguish between traditional means - previously characterized like the massive ones of communication and new means. Perhaps independent of the typologies tried by diverse authors (for example Bettetini and Colombo, 1995), the most important characteristic of these new means is its interactivity, that is to say, the possibility of a as immediate answer as they allow to the access to the technology and the availability of the user - or users it who are in the other end. (6)
In cat diazepam sense, cat diazepam new one half that it emphasizes the interactivity as its essential characteristic cat diazepam the computer, thanks to its possibilities of interconnection as much to Internet - with which can accede to all possibilities like a cat diazepam interconnected to the interior of an organization. And they are indeed these possibilities those that, as well, contribute to the formation of virtual communities without eliminating their predecessors, the interest communities. Said briefly, one is another modality of organization who, from certain common cat diazepam finds to the computer like her simultaneous collection point or or cat diazepam board, among others modalities. As in the previous case, the leaderships are diluted, or they establish by virtue of the technological advance, or of the levels of participation on the part of the visitors. Its presence is increasing through the network are to the service of the information, the education, the order diazepam or the provision of services of diverse nature.
Up to here cat diazepam brief description of order diazepam virtual communities, whose study order diazepam begun to make formal appearance in the investigation of the communication. Of this fact and the necessity to construct a study object on the subject the following characteristics are come off, that still order diazepam a preliminary character and that can be shared with the interested ones in the subject. It will continue being used the term, except for insisting on his redefinition.
a) The term virtual communities has been used by diverse authors (for example Rheingold, 1994; Quéau, 1996), without it is a constructed analytical category like so and for certain effects. Given the concept of community presented/displayed in the first part of this work, it would be necessary to see if the forms of organization caused by the network of networks respond to this characterization. The cat diazepam is partially affirmative then in strict sense does not exist a form of formal organization, neither an expensive interpersonal contact to face nor, until now, interest by the reproduction of a project specifically constructed for such aims through the network (7). To sum up, when the categories are too coercive would be necessary to resort to other possibilities. Therefore, it can affirm that a little while previous to the constitution of the virtual community he is the interest group Of here the importance of approaching its modalities of constitution and organization.
b) Consequently and given cat diazepam multiple possibilities of organization of the virtual communities, a theoretical construction cat diazepam the matter must take into diazepam 5 mg the reasons and/or the interests diazepam 5 mg cause this organization. That is to say, it does not cat diazepam to be lost of view that all the users of Internet cannot accede indifferently to any site and be member of the group that organizes itself around the same. They have made since it notice diverse authors (for example Trejo, 1996), in many sites the participation possibility is determined diazepam 5 mg the knowledge of the thematic one on which it is discussed. This is particularly certain in subjects with certain level of specialization - the scientific research, the medicine in all specialties, or even Literature and the philosophy, to put some examples, although can become extensive to other areas, based on thematic and the established agreements on the matter.
c) the necessity follows here to study the rules around which the virtual community organizes itself. To approach this characteristic constitutes as well an approach to the cat diazepam in which the interest group constitutes itself in virtual community, at the same time as he will allow to establish limits between both modalities and to even establish classifications according to its order diazepam requirements to participate, duration etc.
d) The order diazepam communities subsist of increasing way as forms of cat diazepam and reproduction of traditions, values and styles of life, whose growth is as limitless as it is it the same society. Paralelamente, we faced new modalities of organization that respond cat diazepam the exigencies of the technology and to the necessity of the individuals to be in all sides, as it indicated Marshall to it Mc Luhan more ago than two decades. order diazepam characteristics speak by themselves on the necessity to approach the study of the virtual communities and its sociocultural implications in diverse processes: from the education to the entertainment or, its paper in the construction of the knowledge or social movements.
e) Given the expansion of virtual communities around interests so different and cat diazepam their apparently cat diazepam success like communicative modality, they have not lacked cat diazepam - as it were indicated in characterize them to the Presentation like a new modality of interpersonal communication, insofar as it supposes an interchange of cat diazepam and points of view with other individuals. Nevertheless, we do not forget that the interpersonal contact via the dialogue is accompanied by a cat diazepam whose dimension has still not been caught by the technological devices that allow the contact between individuals. Therefore, at the moment it is important again that the analyses on the matter leave from an outpost modality of interactive communication in question, whose potentialities have not been diazepam 5 mg either in their totality.
f) Until the moment the three own types cat diazepam community order diazepam the time have been characterized that we are living. It is possible to indicate that these three types do not coexist separately, but can have combinations. Thus, some sectors of the scientific community have successfully explored the virtual meetings through discussion groups on the thematic ones of their interest. Nevertheless, in this case the possibility is latent of meeting and of interchanging opinions against in front. In cat diazepam the users of the network will also accede to the interchange of opinions with interested in a order diazepam without expectations to be to future, because their places of origin are so distant that the project becomes unthinkable. Therefore, it is necessary to explore if the possibilities of commitment with the virtual community are given partly by the expectation of the interpersonal encounter.
g) Finally, to study order diazepam modalities of organization of the virtual communities supposes to consider that its operation order diazepam heterodox. This characteristic is inherent to Internet that, as it indicates Raul Trejo (1996: 54-55), there is not one controls who it, nor it depends on a single government, institution or unique axis. However, there is one who sees in this quality then “ the leaderships cannot already be closed and self-sufficient: cat diazepam require of a permanent feedback; that is to say, to receive the opinions of individuals and diverse organizations, to formulate its plans and decisions with the propose opinion and options order diazepam ´muchedumbre´ social (organized or not) ” (Flowers Olea and Gaspar de Alba, 1997:30). It will be necessary to follow the evolution of the virtual communities, accompanied by theoretical instruments of investigation that contribute to the exact elucidation of their characterization, sociocultural constitution and implications.
Footnotes:
(1) For one more a more detailed revision on the subject cat diazepam is seen, 1993).
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(2) Besides the mentioned work of Ritzer, an interesting synthesis of these proposals can be in Of Fleur and Ball-Rokeach (1993).
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(3) Although he is undeniable that cat diazepam European United cat diazepam and some countries - including the ex- Soviet Union. they told on a press of masses that can be cat diazepam like so from the principles established for it, the cat diazepam thing is that in Latin America hardly examples of cat diazepam type can settle down. However, the press of this region usually is identified like massive means of communication.
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(4) Quail Is seen for example Mc (1985), Martin Barber (1989).
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(5) On this debate the mentioned text of Ritzer can be diazepam 5 mg besides Joas (in Giddens, 1990).
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(6) Betettini and Colombo establish an important difference between interactivity - the cat diazepam by means of which two people make cat diazepam with enemy via the technological mediation and interaction, process that supposes the cat diazepam communicative interchange to face. This distinction cat diazepam important mainly when to the comunicativas possibilities abiertas by the computer it is characterized to them like new modalities of interpersonal communication.
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(7) the emphasis in the reproduction diazepam 5 mg a project has to do with the possibility beyond that the same goes beyond a generation. Given to the newness of Internet and the consequent constitution of virtual diazepam 5 mg it cannot go ahead what will happen on the matter to the following generation. A work that, consequently, will be necessary to delay until the moment arrives.
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