Beginning
The Network like political scene
By: Raul Trejo

The temptation to use Internet to discredit the adversaries has not been smaller for the Mexican political leaders in the present electoral season. Space abierto to all the positions and expressions, refractory to the censorship and with a ubiquity which any other mass media lack, Internet has waked up the interest of panistas aggressive and eager for notoriety like Germa'n Martinez, the national diazepam tablet of that party that took the measurement them with its videos to the leaders PRI members of whom it has made fun of ferociously.
The PRI members, more unskillful to take advantage of prescription for diazepam new technologies - and in fact simply more reluctant to any innovation they have had a testimonial and essentially official presence in the Network. It is clear that Internet is not its space. In other parties, the confusion and the absence of a specific communicational policy in the use of Internet prevail. The PRD crushes to the visitors of their Web site with the videos of their national leaders, as if the interested ones in the information of that party had not seen such messages, too many times, in television.
The Mexican politicians have not learned diazepam tablet use diazepam tablet The videos of already mentioned Germa'n Martinez have some diazepam tablet because the conventional means take care in line of them but not by their specific repercussion. Such messages confirm animosities of the panistas, they arouse the purchase diazepam of those who they get along with that party and they untie the irritation of his malquerientes. But it is difficult to consider that new affections to the cause of the BREAD reditúen to him.
While they maintain that route of tests and errors, he is pertinent to remember what made the parties in and with Internet in previous the federal elections.
2006: limited cover
between the voters
The capacity diazepam tablet the Network diazepam tablet equip with information and context diazepam tablet the possible voters but in addition to even nourish of political prescription for diazepam and financier to the political actors since prescription for diazepam has happened more and more in nations to greater access to Internet, has been verified in experiences diazepam tablet the elections of 2008 in the United States. In Mexico, nevertheless, still the little cover of Internet does diazepam tablet to consider that is a diazepam tablet mechanism in the electoral decisions of the citizens.
In 2006, it was considered that there were a little more 18 diazepam tablet purchase diazepam average prescription for diazepam Mexican with regular access to the Network. Of them, than 6 million and more average they were young and young among 6 and 17 years. diazepam tablet implies that in that year, 12 million citizens in aptitude to vote solely had access to Internet. If we supposed that all of them counted on voter credential and were registered to vote in the elections of the 2 of 2006 July, those citizens with access to Internet (who were 11 million 948 783) would have constituted the 16,74% of 71 million diazepam tablet 373 Mexicans that conformed the diazepam tablet list to which the federal election of that day was realised.
On the other hand, in agreement with a survey of the Parametría company published in March of 2006, 7% of the citizens declared solely that something or much of the political and electoral news through Internet found out . That data agrees with the 7,6% of citizens who, to question of the company Consulta Mitofsky, said in the month of April that in the last month had received some electronic mail with electoral propaganda. The 91,4% of the survey ones informed that it had not received mail some of that nature (many of them simply because they did not count on access to Internet).
More diazepam tablet office by Calderón,
more against AMLO
In the presidential campaigns of 2006, those in favor of Felipe Calderón received as much electoral propaganda by electronic mail like those in favor of Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. In agreement with the same sounding of Consultation Mitofsky, the 9,6% of the citizens who hoped to vote by the presidential candidate of the BREAD had received electronic messages of electoral nature, whereas the 9,4% of the adherents of the candidate of the PRD had known propaganda by that means.
The same investigation found that the Mexican users of Internet considered that there were more messages against Lopez Obrador (32,4%) who against Calderón (5,3%) at least in the dates in which that one survey rose. That difference could be due to diverse causes, among them a greater effectiveness of the field equipment of the BREAD to use the digital resources, or perhaps to the fact that between the users of Internet they would be plus which they got along with that party. In any case, it is necessary to remember that the Mexican electoral legislation it does not include to Internet between means susceptible to be regulated during the electoral campaigns, in such a way that the disparity of political messages sent by electronic mail was not, at least formally, expression of inequidad to favor or against one or the other candidates.
Direction of the electronic mails received by the citizens towards April/May of 2006

The Network strengthens convictions
already existing between people
Just as with the television and the radio, it is impossible to determine to what extent the propaganda in and by Internet influences in the citizen decisions. Any voter is exhibited daily by the hundred of messages, many of specifically proselitistas them, who the same can strengthen that to contribute to modify their political convictions. In other national experiences it has been possible to notice that, generally, the internauts receive messages of electronic mail and visit Web sites of the political options with which already they get along.
Internet usually serves to strengthen political or existing convictions and tendencies, more than to modify them or like persuasion instrument between those who does not have a political or defined certainty. And, contradictoriamente with the possibilities of interaction and expression that the Network offers unlike traditional mass media, generally in her there is little discussion of ideas. The deliberation, the analysis of proposals, I collate of candidates and political options, find meager margin in a space essentially defined, concerning electoral contents, by the confrontation and the disqualification.
In diazepam tablet 2006 campaigns, diazepam tablet negative campaigns diazepam tablet extended by the television purchase diazepam the radio received ample response purchase diazepam Internet. In agreement with the investigation that undertook Gabriela Warkentin about that zone of the Mexican campaigns: In blogs we found, mainly, disqualifications and attacks; in the Web sites, disqualifications and attacks; in the forums of conversation of the repositorios of videos, disqualifications and attacks. One of the most active binnacles throughout this process, the Footpath of the purchase diazepam (http://senderodelpeje.blogspot.com/) is one of the clearest examples in this sense. One is one of the visited Mexican binnacles or blogs more in all the cyberspace, but whose content concentrates in action, disqualifications and attacks, everything with a view to supporting of unrestricted way to Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador .
Interactivity, scorned
by the parties
Indeed, in that and other sites constructed with regard to the 2006 campaign - and some diazepam tablet which continued working after that year it has been difficult to find interchange and deliberation. The unique visions, the stubborn defense of the positions with which their authors get along and in consequence the disavowal of those who purchase diazepam against to them, were frequent in the campaign purchase diazepam A study of professor Octavio Islands about the content of the official sites of the presidential candidates in that one year found that, as much in the form with at heart, the Web sites of the presidential candidates they do not stimulate the citizen participation, the analysis and the debate of ideas. The user finds manifolds difficulties to quickly find excellent information on the development of the diazepam tablet or the candidates The contents that today exhibit the Web sites of the main candidates to the presidency of the Republic simply separate from the necessity to promote prescription for diazepam effective dialogue with the citizenship. The propaganda is the message. The communication represents the pending subject. In so imaginary the citizen simply figure like adressee. The Web sites of the candidates to the presidency do not conceive the possibility of using Internet intelligently to promote a participating political culture . The analyzed Web sites in that I collate were www.lopezobrador.org.mx, www.mexicoconmadrazo.org.mx, www.campa.org.mx, www.felipe-calderon.org.mx and www.patriciamedcado.org.mx
Far prescription for diazepam to take advantage of the options participation and reciprocity that Internet diazepam tablet in, where the information receivers can as well be authors of their own messages, the sites of political and electoral content would seem to conceive to its diazepam tablet hearings like simple passive adressees of those contents. And when there is participation, generally it is for reproducing the camorrista tone that already it defines to those spaces in the Network. Thus it happens anywhere in the world and Mexico was not the exception during the 2006 campaigns.
Still more, one has made sure that besides aggressive contents they repeated frequently the attacks to Web sites of political content. Already mentioned Octavio Islands it wrote in another text: Member assets of political, supporting parties independent and numerous fans to computer science like hackers as much Incurred reprovable practices of `propaganda negra' through Internet arranged to serve the best postor .
Madagascar, parodia
against Lopez Obrador
During the Mexican electoral diazepam tablet in 2006 the positioning of videos in the diazepam tablet was a resource used by supporters of diverse political forces. Although one is a message spread after the electoral process is pertinent to remember the hearing success that, in spite of already indicated limitations that the cover of Internet purchase diazepam received a satirical video against purchase diazepam Obrador.
The authors of that video, del that were several versions, used scenes of the film of prescription for diazepam cartoons, along with one tonadilla mocking, to by prescription for diazepam ridicule the attitude of the ex- presidential candidate who refused itself to accept the result of the elections of the 2 of July.
To those in favor diazepam tablet Lopez Obrador that video exasperated, them in the same measurement that delighted to them to many of those who did not share the attitudes of that political leader. From the registries of unloadings in several sites suppliers of videos in line like YouTube and diazepam tablet Video, we could consider that July enters and December of 2006 the video was lowered at least in 500 thousand occasions. That means that at least this amount of diazepam tablet it to people. But like the video it can be kept in the computer and resent to other people, it is possible to be assured that it was contemplated by a much greater number.
That video was contemplated and resent, and prescription for diazepam celebrated and insulted, by several million of Mexican. But nobody can assure prescription for diazepam one of them only modified, thanks to that sketch digital, the opinion that already it had about prescription for diazepam Obrador.
References
- Mitofsky Consultation, the campaign in the Network. National survey in houses . April of 2006. Raised survey of the 28 of April to the 2 of May of 2006.
- INEGI, national Survey on availability and use of technologies of the information in the homes, 2007.
- Octavio Islands, the use of Internet in the development of the campaigns of the candidates to the presidency of Mexico . Reason and word, electronic magazine, number 51, June - 2006 July, http://www.centralmac.ca
- Octavio Islands, the variable stranger: black propaganda , in prescription for diazepam Beatriz Fernandez, Ciberpolítica. How we used the digital technologies in the Latin American policy. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Buenos Aires, 2008
- Parametría, the myth of the effects of the campaigns . Excélsior, 22 of March of 2006.
- Gabriela Warkentin, Between mediocracia and the YouTube republic: prescription for diazepam mass media and the electoral process , in prescription for diazepam Peschard, coordinator, 2 of July. Reflections and prescription for diazepam UNAM, 2007
Dr. Raul Trejo Delarbre Investigator, Institute of Social Investigations of the UNAM, Mexico.
|