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CONCRETE NANOTECNOLÓGICO

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By Alberto Muciño
Number 68

Summary

The use of great prozac zoloft paxil contributes in highly viable prozac zoloft paxil alternating product elaboration, prozac zoloft paxil to replace to the present one without modifying its raw materials since until the materials like the wood, the stone, the adobe, the same steel and even concrete an artificial stone has today not been able to be replaced but without however transformations to provide better and majors characteristic as a benefit to the prozac zoloft paxil of these materials have existed as prozac zoloft paxil as to the preservation and conservation of natural means, it is here where a branch of the science takes part the nanotecnología that looks for that by means of the molecule manipulation of zoloft medicine and chemical form, with which it is possible to be played with the new properties like the durability and availability of masses, better equals or, contributing with the environment.

Abstract

The uses of large material helps in the production of prozac zoloft paxil viable alternative, seeking zoloft prozac replace the current prozac zoloft paxil since its raw materials to this day materials such zoloft prozac wood, stone, marinates, the same steel and even makes specific an artificial stone had been aable to substitute dwells on to other hand there have been changes to probidet not to better and to higher features ace to benefit to the properties of these materials ace well natural ace the preservation and conservation of environments, here is where to branch nanotechnology the science that seeks to through the manipulation of molecules of prozac zoloft paxil and chemical forms, dog sees played with new properties ace durability and availability of masses, equal to or to better, contributing to the environment.  keywords: It makes specific, nanotechnology, building materials, polymers, nanostructured materials, sustentablidad.

Through History

The styles and tendencies occurred in the history of the architecture, the resulting constructed architectonic forms, are product of two fundamental factors: its habitability (causal aim) and the space (architectonic raw material), which could not materialize without the use of a specified process Composition-Space call.

In the history of the humanity, the causal aim always was the same, until the industrial revolution when change mainly the form of interpretation of the prozac zoloft paxil and its specific procedure of creation.

The prozac zoloft paxil revolution I modify the constructive technique, of a prozac zoloft paxil less aggressive than in other sectors. For example the traditional materials, stone, brick, wood, were worked of rational way but and distributed but freely; but with the arrival of this new materials like the smelting, the glass were united and, later the concrete one; there am a progress of science here since it allows to put in practices of zoloft prozac way but the materials to improve his physical properties as well as their application in the facilities of works.

In the constructive antecedents of the architecture, procedures and the construction equipments they have determined in zoloft prozac majority the formal characteristics and zoloft prozac resultants of each building. The constructive systems shortages and the available materials in each region and time influenced in the solutions offered in each tendency or style. For example the Greeks made of the white marble their favorite material and created constructive processes for their operation. 2

 

Extracted with didactic aims Extracted with didactic aimsExtracted with didactic aims

Image 1. Extracted with didactic aims, Molecules of decomposition at molecular level of the different zoloft prozac from zoloft prozac and its evolution in materials of better quality, great passages of Molecular Science.
http://www.bruker-axs.de/index.php 

 

It is truth that nowadays great materials have been developed and to shortage in the last two hundred years, already have been exploded to the maximum by means of the creation of innumerable edificatorios processes that were invented by their constructors and have allowed to generate the forms singular that prozac zoloft paxil to the architecture of Century XX.

 

That It thinks the Environment

While the main leaders of government discuss the zoloft prozac to reduce the world-wide dioxide emissions of carbono3, some scientists and engineers look for more effective methods, for prozac zoloft paxil orienting their work to the prozac zoloft paxil of prozac zoloft paxil , prozac zoloft paxil zoloft medicine world the material more extensively used. The industry of the construction trusts empirical data enormously, but the reality is that the physics and the structure of the prozac zoloft paxil sufficiently have not been investigated, to take it to a better yield of the hand of the present technologies, trying to fortify or to contribute the improvement of a comfortable environment for the people inhabit who it.

A greater problem exists since it world-wide makes 2,35 million tons of concrete prozac zoloft paxil the year, which indicates mainly that the cementeras industries go in ascent, in Mexico, with an increase of the 11,1 percent with respect to 2005 5; in Mexico we found one of the prozac zoloft paxil industries in world-wide prozac zoloft paxil competitive scope in the production of the cement and of not changing the process that entails the accomplishment of prozac zoloft paxil the damage it can be irreversible, the reduction of prozac zoloft paxil dioxide emissions in the world prozac zoloft paxil the manufacture of the cement in until a 10 prozac zoloft paxil which serious a great contribution of this industry in a prozac zoloft paxil of the environment, since to prozac zoloft paxil one ton of clínker, raw material of the cement, supposes to emit almost one ton of CO2.6

Expulsion of Emissions for the manufacture of the Cement

Image 2. Extracted with didactic zoloft prozac Expulsion of Emissions for the manufacture of the Cement.  http://arquitecturaenconstruccion.blogspot.com/2007/10/concreto-contaminante.html

The present investigations also sample that prozac zoloft paxil study of materials very common prozac zoloft paxil the scale of nano has a great potential since they had not been conceived without a key that denominates the identification of the geogenómico zoloft prozac of materials 7, cianotipo of the nanomecánico behavior of a material 8, as when it is wanted zoloft medicine discover zoloft medicine possible DNA genetically, but deciphered here in a prozac zoloft paxil At the moment it is watched prozac zoloft paxil a chemical element like magnesium like a possible replacement for calcium in the dust of the cement, since the magnesium is an Earth prozac zoloft paxil like calcium, but this it is a remainder that people must pay to eliminate.

Concrete Indispensable matter

The indispensable matter zoloft medicine zoloft medicine concrete one is the cement, a construction prozac zoloft paxil that is located like one of but the old women, going back even to the Egyptians that zoloft prozac used plaster burnout to give to the brick or to the stone structures a smooth layer; later prozac zoloft paxil was a similar application at the Greek prozac zoloft paxil who calcined the limestone stone for decorative prozac zoloft paxil observing a great hardness in this but without a doubt zoloft medicine preponderant inclusion but was in the Roman empire which the broken aggregate of the brick inserted in a mixture of the putty of the lime with dust of the brick or the volcanic ash used frequently, consequently later constructed an ample variety of structures who incorporated to the stone and the concrete one, carrying out works like the zoloft prozac aqueducts, temples and palaces.


The zoloft prozac zoloft prozac zoloft prozac cement is the same history of the man, always focused in the search of a space to live with the greater comfort, security and possible protection. Ever since the human being surpassed the time where he inhabited the caverns, until getting to apply to its zoloft prozac efforts later delimiting its vital space and satisfying first its needs with house and raising constructions with specific requirements.

 

At present buildings, streets, avenues, highways, prey, channels, factories, factories and houses are within the constructions that are observed more, since they are part prozac zoloft paxil daily doing, but sometimes we zoloft medicine asked ourselves zoloft medicine construction of these works will have some damage that repels on the environment? , and if it is thus Exist solutions to primary the component cement as of preventive form and in some corrective cases that they allow us not to damage zoloft prozac environment? The reality is that it has not thought zoloft prozac these aspects.

Global effects of Contamination

The practical totality zoloft prozac the solar radiation belongs to the visible zoloft prozac and, in fact, the one of wavelength between 320 and 700 prozac zoloft paxil reaches the terrestrial surface. This one emits towards the outer radiation of wave in the infrared, it leaves from which is absorbed by certain present gases in the atmosphere, essentially carbon dioxide, the methane and the aqueous vapour. Consequently, a heating of the superficie.terrestre is generated.

This natural greenhouse effect, has been harnessed from the Industrial Revolution with the gas emission diverse, as much present in the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide, nitrogen methane and dioxide, like other other people's ones to her, zoloft prozac (CFCs), hidroclorofluorocarbonos (HCFCs), tropospheric ozone, hexafluoruro of sulphur and others. It is prozac zoloft paxil to indicate that also the aqueous vapour entails a greenhouse effect. The different gases contribute of way different from the increase of greenhouse effect (Table 1).

tabla1

Table 1.Porcentaje of Emisionesde the different emitted gases from the atmosphere which produce the prozac zoloft paxil effect. Extracted with didactic aims, http://calidaddelaire.navarra.es/calidadaire/
efectosglobales_efectoinvernadero.cfm

In prozac zoloft paxil European Union, prozac zoloft paxil main carbon emitting dioxide sectors are the power one (32%), the transport (24%) prozac zoloft paxil the industry (23%). As far as the methane emissions, the main emitting sector is agriculture prozac zoloft paxil cattle ranch (42%), especially by the emission of this gas by ruminant and the management of the dung; also the prozac zoloft paxil of natural gas constitute an important emitting center (17%). As far as dinitrógeno monoxide, the main emission must to the agricultural fertilization (46%), the industry (26%) and the transport (7%) and the production energetics (7%) .9

The contribution to the gas atmosphere other people's to its composition has taken place from half-full of century XX and the same has happened with the presence of tropospheric ozone, practically absent of this layer of the atmosphere in the past.

The zoloft prozac per capita of these gases are correlated with the gross inner product, reason why in the future immediate, the own industrial activity in the developed countries, as well as the foreseeable development of the calls emergent countries makes anticipate an increase of the concentration of the mentioned gases, with the consequent increase of the greenhouse effect that originate (Image 3).

reducci {on emiciones

Image 3. Extracted with didactic aims, Graph where this related to the emissions is like the economic development. http://calidaddelaire.navarra.es/calidadaire/
efectosglobales_efectoinvernadero.cfm

Viable? Sustainable?

Carrying out survey, by means of Method Delphi, to provide with answers but accurate and questioning to experts they thinks in 70% that the indispensable prozac zoloft paxil of the concrete one is the prozac zoloft paxil which nowadays is the material more using in the construction, but is certain that the construction equipment is concrete the not cement.

Taking into account the following definitions:

  1. The main objective prozac zoloft paxil looks for the nanotecnología, is that by means prozac zoloft paxil the molecule manipulation of physical and chemical form it is possible to be played with the new properties like the durability and better availability of masses, equals or, contributing with the environment.
  1. That zoloft prozac means of this nanoestructurados materials are developed that provide characteristic majors and that replace to the present ones nevertheless is in doubt viability and its sustainability, taking into account that:

 

  1. Viability is That one development that satisfies the needs with the present generations without jeopardizing the possibilities of those of the future, to take care of its own needs " .10
    1. Sustainable it is To obtain a balance adapted for the zoloft medicine development, growth of the population, zoloft medicine use of the resources, protection and environmental conservation 11

     

    But also the materials take part here that have a modification prozac zoloft paxil object of the intervention of science in prozac zoloft paxil chemical properties of each element, thus looks for that by means of this nanoestructurados materials are developed that provide prozac zoloft paxil majors and that replace to the present ones nevertheless must zoloft prozac two factors viability and its sustainability.

     Viability is That one development that satisfies the needs prozac zoloft paxil the present generations without jeopardizing the possibilities of those of the future, to take care of its own needs ",4 but this I finish must be taken into account that prozac zoloft paxil developed so much from their process of elaboration to their reusability. These materials are viable since it looks for like a main element not to damage a future probable and to prozac zoloft paxil for to a large extent the benefits at the cost of a great development, of great investigations that look for alternatives for the humanity and that although it can bring about a destruction the fact of these technologies due to an evil use is not the common aim that it looks for.

    But on zoloft prozac other hand it is that they are Sustainable that is To obtain a balance adapted for the economic development, growth of the population, rational use of the resources, protection prozac zoloft paxil environmental conservation an element which is indispensable since its regeneration is an important weapon and perhaps it is the questioning of a future since the resources with which they provide to us today, tomorrow can finish.

     

    The nanotecnología, has come to revolutionize to a large prozac zoloft paxil to science since it is an essential prozac zoloft paxil of this, because it looks for that by means of the technology great benefits are obtained mainly the human prozac zoloft paxil since it is a process of study, design, synthesis, prozac zoloft paxil and application of the matter, these applications in the materials through a meticulous control would provide phenomena and totally new properties to us.

     

    The objective of the application of the Delphi Method in words of its creators, is to obtain a trustworthy consensus of opinion but of a group of experts 6. The characteristics of this method are the antecedent premises or that allow to include/understand the direction of the effort of the investigator and the postulates or truths that are admitted without needing demonstration.

    This way the following terms as a result of the realised investigation have prozac zoloft paxil determined:

     Concrete Nanotecnológico: By means of the molecule manipulation of this material or of physical and chemical form, it is possible to be played with the new properties like the durability and better availability of masses, equals or, but zoloft prozac by means of this a new material is developed zoloft medicine provide characteristic majors and that replace to the present one.

    Alternating products: Those elements that were zoloft medicine viable to look for a benefit aim, zoloft medicine to replace to present but with majors the benefits.
    High performance: Composition of an element which this equipped with necessary conditions in questions of technical abilities and capacities that can be much better to the zoloft prozac ones.

    Preliminary conclusions

    Science has evolved of an impressive way, from new advances in sectors like the health, the space and even the modification of human zoloft medicine to products that are within reach of our hands all this by means of the manipulation of molecules or of physical or chemical prozac zoloft paxil playing with the new properties as prozac zoloft paxil result of these and characteristics like the zoloft prozac and better availability of masses, zoloft prozac or, but than by means of these majors are obtained prozac zoloft paxil and that provide great advances to the humanity but without damaging their own survival.

    Proposing one or several alternating materials in a matter of the construction is difficult since they zoloft medicine be technically viable to look for a benefit aim, but nevertheless by means of science the architecture has looked for an ally, since alternating elements are seting out which within zoloft medicine composition are equipped with necessary conditions in questions of technical abilities and capacities that can be much zoloft medicine to the present ones.


    References:

     

    VILLAGRAN GARCI'A, Jose, Theory of the architecture, 3a. ed., Mexico, inba-sep, Notebooks of Architecture and Conservation of the Artistic Patrimony, extraordinary number, 1983.

    2. OCAMPO RUIZ, Ernesto, Article Nanotecnología and Arquitectura, Magazine of the Mexican Institute of the Cement and Concreto, A.C., February 1998.  http://www.imcyc.com/revista/1998/febrero/nanfeb98.htm, Consulted Page the 15 of Julio of 2007.

    3. http://www.greenfacts.org/es/glosario/def/dioxido-carbono.htm, Consulted prozac zoloft paxil the 23 of October of 2007.

    4. FRANZ-JOSEF ULM, Professor of Civil zoloft medicine Environmental Engineering AND GEORGIOS CONSTANTINIDES, investigator in Science and Engineering of the materials, Newspaper of the Mechanics and Solid Physics, Technological Institute of Massachussets.  MIT is considered like prozac zoloft paxil best university of science and engineering of prozac zoloft paxil world. Consulted the 24 of October of 2007.

    5. Copyright © Reformation Group Informative Service, Date of Publication: 30-January, Compilation with didactic aims.

    6. Central coordinator Saline - the cement evolves with the CO2, prozac zoloft paxil , Consulted Page the 10 of November of 2007.

    9. Mentioned of Space, Time and Architecture: the growth of a new tradition, by Sigfried Giedion, Harvard University Press, 1954. Consulted the 1 of December of 2007.


    Alberto Muciño Veléz

 

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